OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (ADD-ON COURSE) FOR THE
EXAMINATION OF 2012.
CERTIFICATE COURSE
PAPER-A: COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
PAPER-B: UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Objectives of the Course
• To Equip the students with the conceptual understanding of the concepts such as
community, community organization, community development and their inter
linkages.
• To sensitize the students with the community organization approach and its relevance
in contemporary societies.
• To educate the students as to how the theoretical approaches have historically been
put to practical applications.
• To help the students learn the approaches to community development, processes of
community development and evaluate these.
• To impart the skill to analyze and evaluate a specific community development
project/scheme, in a real life field situation, and identify its strengths and weaknesses.
• To enable the students to help an organization, governmental or non-governmental, in
carrying out community work.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (ADD-ON COURSE) FOR THE
EXAMINATION OF 2012.
CERTIFICATE COURSE
PAPER-A: COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
PAPER-B: UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Objectives of the Course
• To Equip the students with the conceptual understanding of the concepts such as
community, community organization, community development and their inter
linkages.
• To sensitize the students with the community organization approach and its relevance
in contemporary societies.
• To educate the students as to how the theoretical approaches have historically been
put to practical applications.
• To help the students learn the approaches to community development, processes of
community development and evaluate these.
• To impart the skill to analyze and evaluate a specific community development
project/scheme, in a real life field situation, and identify its strengths and weaknesses.
• To enable the students to help an organization, governmental or non-governmental, in
carrying out community work.
PAPER-A: COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
Theory : 80 marks
Assignment : 20 marks
Time : 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER AND FOR CANDIDATES
1. In all, there shall be nine questions and candidates will be required to attempt five
questions.
2. Question No. 1 will be compulsory, consisting of fifteen short answer questions
out of which ten are to be attempted, two marks each, spread over the whole
syllabus and to be answered in 25 to 30 words each. (10x2=20 marks)
3. Question No. 2 to 9 will be long essay type questions. These questions will be
asked under four units, each unit having two questions. The candidates will
attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit. (4x15=60 marks)
UNIT-I
Communities-Meaning, Characteristics, Types- Tribal, Rural and Urban; Evolved and
Formed Communities.
Sociological and Practitioner Perspectives.
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UNIT-II
Community Organization-Meaning, Goals, Principles.
Role of Leadership in Community Organization.
UNIT-III
Community Organization Approach – Evolution and Historical account.
UNIT-IV
Community Organization Programmes- Some cases and their evaluation:
Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
Narmada Bachao Andolan
ASSIGNMENT (20 MARKS)
Term Paper (2000 words) 15
Presentation of Term Paper 5
SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR TERM PAPER
Any topic relating to the course contents such as:
• Identify and describe any two development plans run by State/Private organization.
• Role of leadership in community organization (Youth/Women/Poor)
• Local Self Government (Rural/Urban)
• Old Age Homes
SUGGESTED READINGS
Bhowmik, Sharit and Meena Patel, 1996. ‘Empowering Marginalized Workers:
Unionnization of Tobacco Workers by the Self-employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
in Kheda, Gujarat, in Carr, M.; Chen, M. and Jhabwala, R. Speaking Out: Women ‘A’
Economic Empowerment in South Asia. New Delhi, Vistaar Publications.
Gangrade, K.D. 1971. Community Organization in India. Bombay, Popular Prakashan.
Kramer, Ralph M. and Harry Specht. 1969. Readings in Community Practice. Englewood
Cliffs, Prentice Hall, INC.
Ross, Murray, G. 1955. Community Organization: Theory, Principles and Practice. New
York, Harper and Row.
Sanders, Irwin T. 1975. The Community. New York, The Ronald Press Co.
ADDITIONAL READINGS
Biklen, Dougla P. 1983. Community Organizing. New York, Prentice Hall.
Marilyn Carr, Martha Chen and Renana Jhabwala 1996. Speaking Out: Women’s
Economic Empowerment in South Asia. New Delhi, Vistaar Publications.
Sundar, Aparna. 1999. ‘Sea Changes: Organizing around the Fishery’, in Barker,
Jonathan et. al. (ed.) Street Level Democracy: Political Settings at the Margins of Global
Power. Toronto, Between The Lines, pp. 79-114.
Weil, M. (ed.) 1996. Community Practice: Conceptual Models. New York. The Haworth
Press. INC.
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PAPER-B: UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Theory : 80 marks
Assignment : 20 marks
Time : 3hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER AND FOR CANDIDATES
1. In all, there shall be nine questions and candidates will be required to attempt five
questions.
2. Question No. 1 will be compulsory, consisting of fifteen short answer questions
out of which ten are to be attempted, two marks each, spread over the whole
syllabus to be answered in 25 to 30 words each. (10x2=20 marks)
3. Question No. 2 to 9 will be long essay type questions under four units, each unit
having two questions. The candidates will attempt four questions, selecting one
question from each unit. (4x15=60 marks)
UNIT-I
Community Development-Concept
Historical Evolution of Community Development as a concept
UNIT-II
Community Development-Objectives
Community Development as a Method
Agencies-Governmental and Non governmental
UNIT-III
Approaches to Community Development- a) Programmes implanted by External Agents;
b) Multiple approach; c) Inner Resources approach.
UNIT-IV
Community Development and Democratic Decentralization, Cooperation and Social
Policy.
ASSIGNMENT (20 MARKS)
Field Report 15
Presentation 5
Field report on any Community Development Project/Scheme.
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SUGGESTED READINGS
Apgar, Mahlon (ed.) 1970. New Perspectives on Community Development. London,
McGraw Hill Book Co.
Brokensha, D. and Peter Hodge. 1969. Community Development: An Interpretation.
California. Chandler Publishing Co.
Ferguson, Ronald and William T. Dickens, 1999. Urban Problems and Community
Development. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Mukherjee, Amitava, (ed.) 1995. Participatory Rural Appraisal, methods and Application
in Rural Planning. Delhi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Peterman, William. 2000. Neighbourhood Plannning and Community-Based
Development: The Potential and Limits of Grassroots Action. Thousand Oaks, Sage
Publications.
Ross, Murray, G. 1955. Community Organization: Theory. Principles and Practice. New
York, Harper and Row.
ADDITIONAL READINGS
Dore, R. and Z. Mars (eds.) 1981. Community Development; Comparative Case Studies
in India, the Republic of Korea. Mexico and Tanzania. UNESCO.
Miaz, B. 1969. ‘The Tripod of Community Development: Felt Needs, Self-help and
Cooperative Effort’, in Social Action, Oct.-Dec., Vol. 19, No. 3, (185-201).
The Ministry of Communication and Development, Govt. of India. Guide of Community
Development. 1957.
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DIPLOMA COURSE
PAPER-A: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
PAPER-B: PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Objectives of the Course
• To sensitize the students with the participatory approach to Community Development
as against the conventional approach of centralized development.
• To apprise the students with the process and features of community development
process in India, particularly for tribal, rural and urban areas.
• To identify the consequences, issues and impediments in the community development
programmes in India; and suggest remedies.
• To expose the students to the concept of participatory development; and inform them
about the different ways to generate community participation for tackling specific
social problems.
• To provide the expertise to study and analyze the various methods used by voluntary
and government organizations to evoke participation among the target communities in
order to undertake community development projects.
PAPER-A: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Theory : 80 marks
Assignment : 20 marks
Time : 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER AND FOR CANDIDATES
1. In all, there shall be nine questions and candidates will be required to attempt five
questions.
2. Question No. 1 will be compulsory, consisting of fifteen short answer questions
out of which ten are to be attempted, two marks each, spread over the whole
syllabus to be answered in 25 to 30 words each. (10x2=20 marks)
3. Question No. 2 to 9 will be long essay type questions under four units, each unit
having two questions. The candidates will attempt four questions, selecting one
question from each unit. ` (4x15=60 marks)
UNIT-I
History of Community Development in India- Pre and Post independence period.
UNIT-II
Tribal Communities-Community Development Programmes for tribal areas.
Tribal policy-Issues, Impact and Impediments.
UNIT-III
Rural Communities-Community Development Programmes for rural areas,
Impact, Issues and Impediments.
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UNIT-IV
Urban Communities-Community Development Programmes for urban areas.
Impact, Issues and Impediments.
ASSIGNMENT (20 MARKS)
Term Paper (2000 words) 15
Presentation of Term Paper 5
SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR TERM PAPER
Any topic relating to the course contents such as:
• Adult Education Centers in slums/villages.
• Primary Health Care Centers
• Neighbourhood Facilities/relations/parks/watch
SUGGESTED READINGS
Bhose, Joel 3, S.G.R. 2003. NGOs and Rural Development. New Delhi, Concept
Publishing Co.
Chandra, Subhash. 1973. ‘Urban Community Development – Experiments in
Participation, in Social Action, April-June, Vol. 23, No. 2,181-194. Dwarkanath, H.D.
1995. Rural Development Policy and Programme Implementation: An Evaluation’, in
Social Action. Oct.-Dec., Vol. 45, No. 4, 443-456.
Choudhury, R.C. and S. Rajakutty (eds.) 1998 (Vols. I and II): Fifty Years of Rural
Development in India: Retrospect and Prospect. National Institution of Rural
Development.
Desai, Vandana. 1995, Community Participation and Slum Housing: A Study of Bombay,
New Delhi, Sage Publication.
Frieden, Bernard J. (eds.) 1968. Urban Planning and Social Policy. New York, Basic
Books, INC.
Mukherjee, Amitava, (ed.) 1995. Participatory Rural Appraisal, Methods and Application
and Rural Planning. Delhi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Nayak, Ramanath. 2002. ‘Towards Self-Governance; Tribal Development in Orissa’ in
Social Action, April-June, Vol. 52, No. 2.
Tucker, Veena,1999, ‘Role of NGOs in Participatory Communication’, in Social Action,
Jan-March, Vol. 49, No. 1, 15-26.
ADDITIONAL READINGS
Dayal, Rajeshwar. 1960. Community Development in India. Allahabad Kitabmhal
Publishers.
Gangrade, K.D. 1971. Community Organization in India. Bombay, Popular Prakashan.
Srikanth, H. 1996. ‘State, NGOs and Urban Community Development’ in Social Action
Jan-March, Vol. 46, No. 1, 42-57.
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PAPER-B: PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Theory : 80 marks
Assignment : 20 marks
Time : 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER AND FOR CANDIDATES
1. In all, there shall be nine questions and candidates will be required to attempt five
questions.
2. Question No. 1 will be compulsory, consisting of fifteen short answer questions
out of which ten are to be attempted, two marks each, spread over the whole
syllabus to be answered in 25 to 30 words each. (10x2=20 marks)
3. Question No. 2 to 9 will be long essay type questions under four units, each unit
having two questions. The candidates will attempt four questions, selecting one
question from each unit. (4x15=60 marks)
UNIT-I
Participatory Development as an approach: Concept, its distinguishing features vis-Ã -vis
centralized approach.
Participatory Communication. Participatory decision making. Participatory Modelling,
Types of Models.
UNIT-II
Community Development as an agency of social change.
Community Development Programmes in Social Sectors-Education, Health, Employment
and Poverty.
UNIT-III
Role of NGOs in Participatory Development.
Some Cases and their evaluation.
UNIT-IV
Impediments to Participatory Community Development-
Religion, Caste, Illiteracy, Power politics etc.
Issues in participatory development and future prospects.
ASSIGNMENT (20 MARKS)
Field Work 15
Presentation 5
8
SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR ASSIGNMENT
Participatory programmes in fields such as:
-Education-Adult/Girl Child/SC/STs
-Role of NGOs in Community Development
-Cooperative Banks
-TRYSEM/Jawahar Rozgar Yojna
-Slums (Youth/Children/Women/Crime etc.)
-Any other
SUGGESTED READINGS
Bracht, N. Kingsbury, L. and Risselie. 2001. ‘A Five Stage Community Organization
Model for Health Promotion’, in Sussman. S. (ed.) Handbook of Programme
Development for Health Behaviour, Research and Practice. Thousand Oaks, Sage
Publication. Bhose. Joel S.G.R. 2003. NGOs and Rural Development. New Delhi,
Concept Publishing Co.
Chekki, Dan A, 1979. Participatory Democracy in Action: International Profiles of
Community Development. Delhi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Fagence, Joseph, 1977. Citizen Participation in Planning. Oxford, Pergamon Press.
Lisk. Franklin (ed.) 1985. Popular Participation in Planning for Basic Needs,
International Labour organization.
Mishra, S.N., N. Sharma and K. Sharma. 1984. Participation and Development. Delhi,
NBO Publishers.
Mukherjee, Amitava (ed.) 1995. Participatory Rural Appraisal, Methods and
Applications in Rural Planning. Delhi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Servaes, T., Jacobson, Thomas L. and White, Shirley A, (eds) 1996. Participatory
Communication for Social Change. New Delhi, Sage Publication.
Sundaram, Satya. 1986. Voluntary Agencies and Rural Development. Delhi. B.R.
Publishing Corporation.
Thomson, B. and Kinne, S. 2001. ‘Social Change Thoery: Application to Community
Health’, in Sussman, S. (ed.) Handbook of Programme Development for Health
Behaviour, Research and Practice. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.
ADDITIONAL READINGS
Kumar, Somesh. 2002. Methods for Community Participation- A Complete Guide for
Practitioners. New Delhi, Vistaar Publication.
Madan, T.N. (General Editor) 1990. Participatory Development. Institute of Economic
Growth.
White, Shirley A., K.S. Nair and Joseph Ascroft (eds.). 1994. Participatory
Communication: Working for Change and Development. New Delhi, Sage Publication.
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ADVANCED DIPLOMA
PAPER A: WORKING WITH COMMUNITY (THEORY)
PAPER B: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT REPORT
Objective of the Course
• A creative identification of social problems and communities in need of technical
assistance;
• To apply social scientific perspective to develop appropriate solutions;
• To conduct and utilize social science research in planning and policy making;
• To evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches to solve community needs.
• To gain sufficient expertise to pursue a career both in administration as well as
social work in organizations including the non governmental, in the area of
community development or participatory development.
• To learn to distinguish between the three approaches- working for communities,
working with communities and working by communities; and finally applying any
of these real life situations.
PAPER A: WORKING WITH COMMUNITY (THEORY)
Theory : 80 marks
Assignment : 20 marks
Time : 3 hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER AND FOR CANDIDATES
1. In all, there shall be nine questions and candidates will be required to attempt five
questions.
2. Question No. 1 will be compulsory, consisting of fifteen short answer questions
out of which ten are to be attempted, two marks each, spread over the whole
syllabus to be answered in 25 to 30 words each. (10x2=20 marks)
3. Question No. 2 to 9 will be long essay type questions under four units, each unit
having two questions. The candidates will attempt four questions, selecting one
question from each unit. (4x15=60 marks)
UNIT-I
Approaches
Working for the community. Working with the community. Working by the community
UNIT-II
Methods and Strategies-
Methods of working with the communities. Strategies of awareness generation, Strategies
of generating community participation.
10
UNIT-III
Process of Community Work-
Identification of problem. Formation of community groups. Building rapport with the
Community, Organization building. Evaluation and Follow up.
UNIT-IV
Action Research- Meaning, Features, objectives and relevance
Preparing a Project proposal
Methodology of Action Research and Report Writing
ASSIGNMENT (20 MARKS)
Term Paper (2000 words) 15
Presentation of Term Paper 5
SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR TERM PAPER
Any topic relating to the course contents such as:
Pertaining to the organizations known for the use of working with the communities, for
example
-Awareness creation-AIDS/Environmental issues
-Health related awareness
-Family Planning
-Family Counseling
-Substance Abuse
-Any other
SUGGESTED READINGS
Bernard, II. Russell. 2000. Social Research Methods-Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches. New Delhi, Sage Publication.
Jack, Raymond (ed.). 1995. Empowerment in Community Care. London, Chapman &
Hall Paync, Malcom. 1995. Social Work and Community Care. London, Macmillan.
Rivera, Felix G. and John H. Eritch. 1995. Community Organizing in a Diverse Society.
Boston, Allyn and Bacon.
Siddiqui, II. Y. 1984. Social Work and Social Action. New Delhi, Harnam Publication.
Payne, Malcom. 1995. Social Work and Community Care, London, Macmillan.
ADDITIONAL READINGS
Burghart, Steve. 1982. Organizing for Community Action. New Delhi, Sage Publication.
Sanders, Irwin T. 1950. Making Good Communities Better. University of Kentucky Press.
Community Development Journal: An International Forum, U.K. Oxford University
Press.
Siddiqui, H.Y. 1997. Working with Communities: An Introduction to Community Work.
New Delhi, Hira Publication.
11
PAPER B: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT REPORT
Project Report : 80 Marks
Viva-Voce : 20 Marks
Project Work- It must be undertaken in one of the following:
a) A detailed study of any organization involved in community development;
b) Working with any community/or evaluation of any such programme
c) Awareness creation in a target community, e.g. slum/pregnant women/poor etc.
Project report will be based upon:
• Preparation of a project proposal 40 marks
• Writing a Project Report 40 marks
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