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    SYLLABI FOR M.A. SOCIOLOGY PARTS I & II (ANNUAL SYSTEM) EXAMINATION OF PUNJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH

    OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING IN THE
    SUBJECT OF M.A. SOCIOLOGY (ANNUAL SYSTEM) PARTS I& II FOR THE
    EXAMINATION OF 2011.
    M.A. PART I
    Course No Title
    SOC R 101 Sociological Thought
    SOC R 102 Research Methodology & Techniques of Social Research
    SOC R 103 Social Stratification—Concepts & Theories
    SOC R 104 Indian Society
    M.A.PART II
    Course No Title
    SOC R 201 Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
    SOC R 202 Social Development
    SOC O 203 Urban Sociology
    SOC O 204 Sociology of Family & Gender
    SOC O 205 Dissertation
    NOTE
    1. In M.A. Part I all courses, i.e 101,102,103 & 104 are compulsory.
    2. In M.A. Part II Course No. 201 & 202 are compulsory and the students will have
    to choose any two courses out of the optional papers - O 203, O 204 and O 205.
    3. R stands for required course. O stands for optional course.
    4. The students enrolled in Correspondence Studies Department can opt for
    Dissertation (SOC O 205) and the students opting for dissertation (SOC O 205)
    will be required to take one optional paper out of the remaining two i.e either
    SOC O 203 or SOC O 204. Dissertation will be available for first eight students,
    in order of merit, from among those who will have scored at least 50% in the
    aggregate in M.A. Part I. Dissertation will be of 100 marks.
    5. Dissertation (SOC O 205) cannot be offered by students studying in the affiliated
    colleges.

    M.A. PART - I
    SOC R-101: SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    OBJECTIVES -
    Industrial Revolution and consequent transformation of mode of production brought dramatic and
    traumatic changes in the traditional feudal structure of the societies in Europe through the
    emergence of capitalism. The changes brought by these events had far reaching effects on the
    economic and social systems of these societies and commanded attention of thinkers. The
    discipline of Sociology was the child of these social and academic developments. Different
    thinkers viewed the societal changes from different perspectives, presented their distinct analysis,
    causal and otherwise, of these changes, made efforts to highlight the different features of the
    emerging modern industrial capitalist society and also attempted to predict the future of this
    society. Some of them engaged their attention on the issues related to development of Sociology
    as a Science. They laid down the theoretical foundations of Sociology on which the edifice of
    modern sociological theories is erected. Besides, they also tried to analyse and interpret other
    sociological issues such as education, power structures, religion and the like. Among these
    sociological thinkers prominent are Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Vilfredo Pareto,
    beginning with Saint Simon and August Comte.
    Acquaintance with the writings of these four thinkers would equip the students with theoretical
    insights to know, analyse and interpret the social scenario around them and would also familiarize
    them with the different sociological perspectives and theories. While teaching emphasis shall be
    on critical analysis of the writing of these four thinkers.
    COURSE OUTLINE:
    Unit I- Historical socio-economic background of the emergence of Sociology
    Impact of industrial revolution and of new mode of production on society and economy.
    The emergence of capitalistic mode of production-Nature and features of capitalism.
    The enlightenment and its impact on thinking and reasoning.
    A brief review of Enlightenment thought with special reference to Rousseau and of the
    Conservative reaction to it, with special reference to St- Simon and Comte.
    Unit - II- Karl Marx
    Karl Marx: Intellectual Background.
    Marxian Dialectical materialism as a philosophical perspective of change and its laws.
    Marx’s theory of social change
    Materialistic interpretation of history: As a perspective of explaining transformation of human
    society through different stages. Economic determinism. Mode of production and social
    structure. Base and super structure.
    Marx’s analysis of emergence and development of capitalism in terms of laws of increasing
    accumulation and concentration of capital and of increasing misery, alienation.
    Emergence of classes and class conflict. Proletariat revolution and future of capitalism. Classless
    society.
    Unit - III- Emile Durkheim
    Emile Durkheim: Intellectual background.
    Theory of division of labour and Social solidarity.
    Theory of suicide: Suicide rate, Types of suicide, Problem of integration of the individual with
    society.
    Theory of Religion: Nature of religion-sacred and profane, Religious rituals- their types, social
    role of religious beliefs and rituals.
    Contribution to the methodology of Sociology- (Rules of Sociological methed).
    Unit - IV- Max Weber and Vilfredo Pareto
    Max Weber: Intellectual background.
    Theory of social action, Nature & types of social actions
    Analysis of modern capitalism. Protestant ethic and emergence of capitalism
    Theory of Authority- Authority and power, Types of authority and bases of their legitimacy.
    Theory of Bureaucracy
    Concepts of status, class and power
    Contribution to the methodology of social science- Distinctive nature of social realities because
    of meanings attached to them- Sociology as an interpretative science. Concepts of verstehen and
    ideal types.
    Vilfredo Pareto
    Vilfredo Pareto: Intellectual background
    Contribution to the methodology- his logico- experimental method
    Classification of logical and non-logical actions, Explanation of non-logical actions in terms of
    his theory of Residues and Derivatives, Classification of Residues and Derivations.
    Theory of social change- Elites and masses. Types of elites, their classification, circulation of
    Elites.
    SOC R 102: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES OF SOCIAL
    RESEARCH
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    OBJECTIVE
    The course plan aims to provide exposure to the student about fundamentals of various
    research techniques and methods (both quantitative and qualitative). It describes the basic
    assumptions in adopting different methodologies for different kinds of research themes. In the
    first section, it introduces the philosophical ideas underlying the emergence of different
    methodologies of social sciences. The subsequent part of the syllabus attempts to sensitize
    students to develop conceptual clarity, which can help them in their future research. Teaching
    certain quantitative and qualitative methods, statistical techniques would help in the analysis of
    data.
    UNIT-I
    Schools of Epistemology:
    Empiricism, Positivism, Interpretative; Emerging methodological issues.
    Sociology as a Science:
    Science and Scientific approach, Nature of social phenomena, Pure & Applied research, Values,
    Objectivity; Value Neutrality.
    UNIT-II
    Conceptual Foundations of Research:
    Concept, Fact, Theory: Theory construction, Hypothesis: Induction & Deduction.
    Research Design; Exploratory, Descriptive, Experimental.
    Sampling - Basic Sampling Issues, Probability sampling & Non-Probability sampling.
    UNIT-III
    Data Sources - Primary Data, Secondary Data
    Methods & Techniques of Data collection- Questionnaire, Mailed Questionnaire, Interview
    schedule, Telephone interview, Observation, Participant observation, Case study method, content
    analysis, Focused Group Discussion, Ethnography, Oral history, Narratives.
    UNIT-IV
    Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research:
    Methodological dilemmas & issues, Logic of triangulation – Mixing of qualitative & quantitative
    methodologies.
    Measurement-Levels, Problems (Reliability and validity)
    Scaling Techniques- Thurstone, Likert, Guttman & Bogardus
    Statistics in Social Research- Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median and Mode),
    Measures of Dispersion(Standard deviation, Quartile deviation), Measures of Association (Phi,
    Gamma, Lambda, Spearmans correlation, Pearsons R, Chi square)
    SOC R 103: SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    OBJECTIVES
    This course is designed to equip the students of Sociology with the understanding of the
    patterns and theoretical explanations of social inequalities and their pervasive consequences both
    for society and individual, which are debilitating for some and empowering for others.
    The student is expected to understand the basic but overlapping concepts often used
    interchangeably, meaning of social stratification, its dimensions and forms-namely caste and class.
    They are also expected to imbibe the knowledge of various theoretical perspectives on caste and
    class systems of social stratification within their intellectual repertory.
    Since no system is static and tends to change in response to economic and political forces
    students are expected to know about the emergence of new classes and process of social mobility
    within and between different strata. Social mobility through the policy of protective
    discrimination along with its implications for individual and society, resurgence of caste, caste
    and politics aim to inform the student about the contemporary Indian Society and its dynamics.
    And finally the students should be able to understand the implications of race, ethnicity and
    gender for social stratification after taking this course.
    COURSE OUTLINE
    UNIT-I
    Concepts
    Inequality, hierarchy, differentiation, social stratification. Dimensions of social
    stratification. A brief introduction to caste, class, race, ethnicity & gender.
    Theoretical Formulations
    Functional theory-Davis & Moore, Parsons, & Warner.
    Conflict theory - Marx & Dahrendorf
    Multidimensional/combined theories- Weber, Lenski, Daniel Thorner,
    Andre Beteille.
    UNIT-II
    Caste
    Perspectives on caste-indological, attributional, interactional.
    Caste & Mobility - perspectives-historical, political, institutional/affirmative action
    (scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes & Other Backward Classes);
    Mandal Commission-The Sociological Debate.
    Resurgence of caste in contemporary Indian Society.
    UNIT-III
    Class
    Class in advanced societies, Middle Class & New Middle Class.
    Class & mobility: Occupation and mobility, education and mobility
    Caste & Class – interface
    UNIT-IV
    Race, Ethnicity and Gender
    Basic concepts in the study of racial & ethnic relations:
    Race, Racial group, ethnic groups (ideology & practice); minority & majority relations;
    Causes of racial & ethnic inequality.
    Theoretical perspectives , bio-social competition, power- conflict.
    Gender Inequality
    Gendered social roles, Gendering of work roles
    Theoretical perspectives-Coercive bases of gender inequality
    Voluntaristic bases of gender inequality & integrated theory of stability in systems of
    gender stratification.
    SOC R 104: INDIAN SOCIETY
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    OBJECTIVE
    Although students have acquired a fairly adequate & comprehensive understanding of
    Indian Society at graduate level, this course is aimed at sensitizing them to the distinctive
    characteristics of Indian Society and various theoretical frameworks evolved by different Indian
    Sociologists. Further, different problems and issues faced by Indian society are also discussed in
    the course. The last section highlights the current ongoing debates in the Indian society thereby
    adding depth as well as insight to understanding of the subject.
    UNIT-I
    Colonial and nationalist Perspectives
    Modernization and Development of Indian Society.
    Basic pillars of Indian Social Structure:
    Village, Caste, Joint Family.
    UNIT-II
    Theoretical Perspectives- Indological [Ghurye, Dumont]
    Structural Functional- [Srinivas, Dube]
    Marxian [D.P. Mukherjee, A.R. Desai]
    UNIT-III
    Synthesis of Textual and Field Views- [I. Karve, A.M.Shah]
    Civilisational- [N. K Bose, Surajit Sinha]
    Subaltern- [Ambedkar & David Hardiman]
    UNIT-IV
    Current Issues of Indian Society - Ethnicity and identities, Communalism, Language and
    regionalism, Population Growth and Distribution, Problems of Poverty and Environment.
    Current Challenges of Indian Society - Indianisation/indegenization, contexualisation, Challenges
    of Globalization.

    M.A. Part- II
    SOC-R-201: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIOLOGY
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    Objectives
    This course is intended to introduce the students to the substantive, theoretical and
    methodological issues which have shaped the sociological thinking in the latter half of the 20th
    century, and which continue to concern the practitioners of Sociology today. The main focus of
    this course will be on theoretical perspectives such as structural, functional and conflict theories,
    and symbolic interactionism, phenomenology, ethnomethodology and neomarxism. The course
    will also examine the theoretical relevance and analytical utility of the premises, methodology
    and conclusions of these diverse theoretical perspectives in understanding social structure and
    change.
    COURSE OUTLINE:
    UNIT- I
    Structional Functionalism:Anthropological approaches-A.R. Radcliffe- Brown and Malinowski;
    Structural approaches- Nadel and Levi- Strauss;
    Functional analysis-Parsons (Social Action, Social System);
    Merton (Theories of middle range, Paradigm for functional analysis, manifest and latent
    functions and dysfunctions); Jeffery Alexander.( Neo-functionalism)
    UNIT II
    Symbolic Interactionism: Mead and Blumer
    Ethnomethodology : Garfinkel
    Phenomenology : Husserl, Schutz, Berger.
    Dramaturgy : Goffman
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    UNIT III
    Conflict Theory: R. Dahrendorf- Marx’s Critique and dialetics of conflict; L. Coser- Functional
    analysis of Conflict
    Critical Theories and Neo – Marxism: Lukacs Gramsci ; Habermas, Marcuse and Althusser.
    UNIT IV
    Recent trends in Sociological theorising:Anthony Giddens (structuration theory)
    - Postmodernism (Frederic Jameson and Jean Baudrillard).
    OC R 202: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    Objective
    Development has emerged as an important subject in the recent times. Through this
    course an attempt is made to provide conceptual & theoretical understanding of the concept of
    development. Further it offers to highlight the alternative models of development. It offers an
    insight into the ways in which social sturcture impinges on development and development on
    social structure. Course also focuses on development planning including governmental and nongovernmental.
    UNIT-I
    Changing Conceptions of Development:- economic growth, human development, social
    development; operational indicators.
    Sustainable development, the question of socio-cultural sustainability, multiple sustainabilities.
    UNIT-II
    Modernization theories
    Economic (Myrdal, Rostow), Sociological (Lerner, Smelser), Political (Almond & Coleman)
    Theories of Underdevelopment
    Center-periphery (Frank, Amin), Unequal Exchange (Baran), World System (Wallerstein)
    Critiques of Development
    Gandhian, Marxist, Postmodernist.
    UNIT-III
    Factors facilitating/inhibiting development
    Culture and Tradition, Caste, ethnicity.
    Consequences of Development
    Development and Socio-Economic Disparities, gender & development, socio-cultural
    repercussions of globalization, social implications of info-tech revolution.
    UNIT-IV
    Indian Experience of Development
    Sociological appraisal of Five-year plans, Indian state & disadvantaged groups (Scheduled Castes,
    Scheduled tribes, Other backward classes)
    Non Governmental Organization & Development
    Case Studies of AMUL & SEWA
    SOC O 203 :URBAN SOCIOLOGY
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    OBJECTIVES
    This course introduces students to areas of substantive concern in urban sociology.
    Beginning with the meaning of urban it focuses on the stages that the city has undergone in the
    course of history. The patterns and trends of urbanization are discussed to familiarize them with
    patterns, processes (metropolitan-decentralization and migration) of urbanization along with the
    problems arising due to urbanization, such as slums, housing, urban poverty and urban
    employment. Role of city in social change forms a crucial part of the course.
    Urban sociology has developed various theoretical perspectives to understand and
    analyze urban change and growth. This course aims to acquaint students with the theoretical
    developments in the field beginning from human ecology to the postmodern approach. The course
    contains a component focusing specifically on different aspects of social organization of urban
    India such as urban social stratification, urban family, neighborhood and voluntary associations.
    The earlier topics outlined above also focus on the Indian urban situation. The finally the course
    attempts to introduce students to the goals of urban planning, factors affecting it and the planning
    initiative in the Five Year Plans. The students are also exposed to the issues of building
    sustainable and human cities for the future.
    Course Outline
    UNIT-I
    The meaning of Urban in urban studies & the domain of urban sociology.
    Nature and Rise of early cities.
    Typologies of City: Sjoberg’s Classification, Functional Classification, Cultural Classification:
    Orthogenetic and Hetrogenetic cities
    Patterns and Trends of Urbanization, (with reference to India)
    Urbanization and Over-urbanization, Migration streams and Socio-economic characteristics of
    migrants.
    Emerging Trends: Metropolitanization, Mega Cities, Global Cities.
    UNIT- II
    Theoretical perspectives in Urban Sociology
    Ecological (Classical and Neo-classical); Socio- Cultural, Louis Wirth -urbanism as a
    way of life. Neo-Marxist-Castells: Crisis of collective Consumption and social
    movements and Urban conflict. Post-modern perspective on city.
    Theories of Spatial Structure
    Concentric Zone theory, Sector theory, Star theory, Multi-nuclei theory, Locational
    Theories- Central Place, Median Location.
    UNIT-III
    Social structure of Urban India-continuities and change: Social Stratification in Urban
    India;
    Urban family & Kinship,
    Neighbourhood, Voluntary associations; Ethnic tensions in Urban India.
    UNIT-IV
    Urban Issues
    Slums, Housing, Urban poverty- Magnitude, Causes, theories, State initiative to
    eradicate urban poverty; urban unemployment.
    Urban Planning
    Urban Planning: Need; Urban Planning
    Initiatives in the Five Year Plans
    Case Study of a Planned City of Chandigarh
    Sustainable & Humane Cities
    SOC O 204: SOCIOLOGY OF FAMILY & GENDER
    INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:
    (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal
    assessment.
    (ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for
    internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be
    increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
    The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.
    There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short
    questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
    candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry
    20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit
    shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from
    each Unit – 4 in all.
    OBJECTIVE
    Many students who have taken Sociology at undergraduate level are familiar with the
    types, functions and composition of family institution. An exposure to different theoretical
    frameworks, issues and debates in study of family will sensitize the students why the study of
    family institution is essential as it is the basic institution of the society. Further the course also
    focuses on Gender issues, feminist thought process and inequalities faced by women. It is
    expected that such course will lead to a better understanding of the social phenomena.
    UNIT-I
    Concepts
    Family & Household, Definition of Family, development cycle, changes in the family Institution.
    Theoretical Perspectives on Family
    Structural-Functional, Social Conflict, Symbolic Interaction, Social Exchange, Feminist, General
    System Theory
    UNIT-II
    Family in Cross Cultural Perspective
    Patterns, Structure & Functions of Indian Family
    Family in South East Asia (Japan)
    Family in Middle East (Afghanistan, Turkey)
    Family in USA (Black & White)
    UNIT-III
    Emerging Alternative life styles of family
    Singlehood, cohabitation, Female headed households, Dual Earner families, Communes.
    Family Problems
    Violence in families, Desertion & Divorce, Dowry & Bride Burning
    UNIT-IV
    Gender & other related Concepts
    Sex, Gender & Gender identity
    Perspectives on Gender
    Liberal, Radical, Socialist, Post-Modernist
    Indicators of Gender Inequality
    Demographic, Social, Economic, Political/Legal
    Development & Gender Justice
    Development policies, liberalization & globalization & their impact on Women Voluntary sector
    & women development.
    SOC O 205: DISSERTATION
    (i) Dissertation option will be considered only of those students who would apply for it
    within the normal date of admission (without late fee).
    (ii) The number of candidates to be allotted M.A. dissertation will be in the ratio of 1:4, i.e.
    4 students per faculty member in the University School of Open Learning..
    (iii) Students for dissertation will be selected on the basis of merit in M.A. I, provided that
    such students have obtained at least 50% marks in the aggregate of 1st year.
    (iv) Selected students will be notified the acceptance of dissertation as option within two
    weeks from the date of normal admissions.
    (v) Students opting for dissertation, i.e. Course O 205 will submit the title and brief synopsis
    of their dissertation within four weeks from the date of notification to them, but not later
    than 15th November of the respective year.
    (vi) Each student opting for dissertation will have to be in contact with the supervisor for a
    minimum of eight weeks.
    (vii) All candidates opting for dissertation, i.e. course O 205 will submit the thesis one week
    prior to the commencement of final examination.
    (viii) Panel of examiners for this course, i.e. course O 205 will be appointed by the PG Board
    of Studies from amongst the faculty members of Sociology in Panjab University.
    (ix) The viva-voce of the candidates will be held by the External Examiners and Internal
    Examiners. The final marks agreed upon by these two examiners will be sent
    confidentially to the Examination Branch through the Chairperson, University School of
    Open Learning, Panjab University, Chandigarh.