102. BIOENERGITICS & METABOLISM
UNIT I
1. Carbohydrates: Structure, classification, properties, chemical reactions, stereoisomerism
and functions.
2. Homo and hetero polysaccharides, animal, plant and microbe specific polysaccharides,
bacterial cell wall, carbohydrate derivatives: peptidoglycans, glycolipids, sialic acid.
3. Lipids: classification, Structure, properties and functions of fatty acids, triacylglycerols,
Phospholipids, wax, sterols, terpenes, prostaglandins:
4. Lipids with specific biological functions, lipoproteins and biological membrane, micelles and
liposomes
Unit II
1. Aminoacids: Structure, classification, properties and functions, peptides and polypeptides
2. Proteins: Properties, Primary , secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
3. Vitamins and cofactors: Structure, distribution, interaction and biological properties
4. Nucleic acids: DNA: Structure, conformation, Properties of purines and pyrimidine bases,
nucleoside and nucleotides; RNA: Structure, types and function of mRNA, tRNA and
rRNA.
UNIT III
1. First and second laws of thermodynamics & Concept of free energy.
2. High energy phospho compounds, ATP cycle, structural basis of free energy change during hydrolysis
of ATP.
3 Carbohydrate metabolism : Basic concepts glycolysis, , glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis: pathway and
regulation
4. Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxalate pathway, glycogenolysis: pathway and
regulation, associated inborn errors
UNIT IV
1. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation : electron carriers, complexes I to IV,
chemiosmotic theory, substrate level phosphorylation
2. Plant phenolics, alkaloids: classification and functions. Plant hormones: structure and
biological functions.
3. Lipid metabolism: Biosynthesis and degradation of odd carbon and even carbon
4. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, formation and of ketone bodies ,regulation of lipid
metabolism, associated inborn errors.
UNIT V
1. Overview of aminoacid metabolism: biosynthetic families of amino acids, breakdown of
amino acids into six (to check) common intermediates.
2. Regulation of amino acid metabolism. ( Steps for the biosynthesis and breakdown of
amino acids are not required) , associated inborn errors.
3. Nucleic acid metabolism: biosynthesis and breakdown of purine, pyrimidines,
nucleotides by de novo and salvage pathways,
4. Regulation of metabolism, associated inborn errors.
Practicals
1. Titration of amino acids.
2. Colorometric determination of pK.
3. Model building using space filling/ ball and stick models.
4. Reactions of amino acids, sugars and lipids.
5. Quantitation of proteins and sugars.
6. Analysis of oils‐ iodine number, saponification value, acid number.
Books
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson, Cox and Lehninger.
2. Biochemistry by G. Zubay
3. Biochemistry by Stryer
4. Biochemistry by Garrett and Grisham
5. Biochemical Calculations, Irwin H. Segel, john Wiley and sons Inc
6. Biochemistry,DVoet and jG Voet , J Wiley and Sons.
7. Biochemistry, D Freifilder, W.H. Freeman & Company.
8. Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Work and Work.
9. ABiologysts guide to Principles and Techniques of practical Biochemistry,
KWilson & KH Goulding, ELBS Edition, 1986.
