Second Year Engineering
SEMESTER– III
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
1.
Engineering Mathematics-III
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 3
Theory
: 100
Tutorial
: 1
Term
Work : 25
________________________________________________
SECTION
– I
Unit
1 Linear Differential Equations: Linear
Differential
Equations with constant coefficients,
Homogenous
Linear differential equations, method of
variation
of parameters.
Unit
2 Applications of Linear Differential Equations:
Logistic
law of population, Newton’s law of cooling and
chemical
engineering problems. (Chemical reactions
and
solutions)
Unit
3 Fourier series: Definition, Euler’s formulae,
Dirchlet’s
Conditions for a Fourier expansion, Functions
having
points of discontinuity, change of interval,
expansions
of odd and even periodic functions, Half
range
series.
Unit
4 Fourier transforms: Fourier transforms, Fourier
sine
and cosine transforms, complex form of Fourier
integral,
Finite Fourier sine and cosine transforms.
SECTION
– II
Unit
1 Laplace Transform: Definition, properties of
Laplace
transforms, transforms of derivatives,
transforms
of integral, Inverse Laplace transforms,
Convolution
theorem. Applications of Laplace transform
to
solve linear differential equations with constant
coefficients
Unit
2 Vector Calculus: Differentiation of vectors,
Gradient
of scalar point function, Directional derivative,
Divergence
of vector point function, Curl of a vector
point
function.
Unit
3 Vector Integration: The line integral, Surface
integral,
volume integral, Gauss’s Divergence theorem,
Stoke’s
theorem, Green’s theorem (Without proof).
Irrotational
and solenoidal vector field.
Unit
4 Convergence of Series: Ratio test, integral
test,
comparison test, Cauchy’s root test, Raabe’s test,
Logarithmic
test. Absolute and uniform convergence
(Weirstrass’s
M- test).
General
Instructions:
1.
For the term work of 25 marks, batchwise tutorials are
to
be conducted. The number of students per batch
should
be as per University pattern for practical
batches.
2.
Minimum number of assignments should be 8 covering
all
topics.
Nature
of Question paper:
1.
There will be two sections carrying 50 marks each.
2.
There will be four questions in each section and three
questions
should be attempted from each section.
Reference Books:
1.
A text book of Applied Mathematics: Vol. I, II and III
by
J. N. Wartikar & P. N. Wartikar , Vidyarthi Griha
Prakashan,
Pune.
2.
Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B. S. Grewal.
3.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
2.
Microbiology
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 4
Theory
: 100
Practical
: 4
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 50
________________________________________________
SECTION
1
Unit
1. Introduction to microorganisms 8
Contribution
of various scientists in the development of
microbiology,
Role of microorganisms in the causation of
disease
and geochemical cycles.
Types
and general characteristics of microorganisms: 1)
Bacteria-
Archaebacteria, Actinomycetes, Rickettsia,
Mycoplasma,
Chlamydia 2) Fungi – Molds and yeasts 3)
Algae
4) Protozoa 5) Viruses.
Unit
2. The classification of bacteria 6
Species:
The unit of classification, New approaches to
bacterial
taxonomy, Bacterial taxonomy the problems of
taxonomic
arrangements, Bacterial phylogeny.
Unit
3. The principles of microbial nutrition and
microbial
growth 10
The
requirement for carbon nitrogen, sulfur and growth
factors,
the role of oxygen in nutrition, nutritional categories
among
microorganisms.
The
definition of growth, the mathematical expression of
growth;
the typical bacterial growth curve, arithmetic
growth,
diauxic growth, synchronous growth, Batch and
continuous
culture: chemostat and turbidostat.
Unit
4. Methods in Microbiology 6
The
construction of culture media, various types of media;
Aseptic
transfer techniques, Pure culture techniques- using
liquid
media, semisolid and solid media preservation of pure
cultures,
aerobic and anaerobic cultures, two-membered
culture.
SECTION
2
Unit
1. Effect of the environmental factors on
microbial
growth 5
Effects
of solutes on growth and metabolism, Effect of
temperature
on microbial growth, Effect of ion
concentration,
Effect of oxygen, Effect of hydrostatic
pressure,
Effect of heavy metal ions on microbial growth,
Effect
of UV light on microbial growth.
Unit
2. The Control of Microorganisms 12
Fundamentals
of control, the theory and practice of
sterilization
Physical
agents –1) Temperature- moist heat and dry heat,
incineration,
boiling
2)
Osmotic Pressure, 3) Radiations- ionizing and nonionizing,
4)
Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension, 5)
Filtration.-types
of bacterial filters, applications
Chemical
agents – Selection of chemical agents for practical
application,
Major groups of antimicrobial agents, Evaluation
of
antimicrobial chemical agents. Gaseous sterilization;
Antibiotics
and other chemotherapeutic agents –
Chemotheraphy
and Chemotherapeutic agents, Historical
highlights,
Characteristics of antibiotics and their mode of
action,
antifungal antibiotics, antitumor antibiotics, Synthetic
chemotherapeutic
agents, Microbial susceptibility to
chemotherapeutic
agents and Resistance to antibiotics.
Unit
3. Microbial genetics 6
Basic
concept of Gene and its function.
Mutation
– Basic concepts, Spontaneous and Induced
mutations,
mutagens.
Genetic
exchange and recombination: Bacterial conjugation,
Transduction,
Transformation, Introduction to
extrachromosomal
genetic material.
Unit
4. Microbial Pathogenesis 7
Epidemiology
of infectious diseases, Bacterial, Fungal,
Protozoal,
Viral Diseases; Bacterial invasion and
colonization,
Bacterial toxins- types and mode of action,
Examples.
Text Books:
1.
Microbiology – Fundamentals and Application, 6th Ed. –
Purohit,
S.S. (Agrobios)
2.
General Microbiology, 7th Ed. – Schlegel H.G. (Cambridge
University
Press)
3.
General Microbiology, 5h Ed. – Stanier R.Y. et al.
(Macmilan
press)
4.
Microbiology, 5th Ed. – Pelczar, Jr. et al (Tata McGraw
Hill)
5.
Textbook of Microbiology, Anathnarayan and Panikar (
Orient
Longman)
6.
Textbook of Microbiology, P.Charkborthy
Reference Books:
1.
Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial infections
9th
Ed. Vol 5 – Cox F.E.
G.
et al. (Arnold Publisher Co.)
2.
Talara K.P.’s Foundations in Microbiology, (McGraw Hill) )
List of Experiments:
1.
Introduction to Laboratory Equipments
i)
Incubator
ii)
Autoclave
iii)
Hot air oven
iv)
Centrifuge
v)
Colorimeter
vi)
Seitz filter
vii)
pH meter
viii)
Colony Counter
ix)
Water bath
2)
Study and use of microscope.
3.
Preparation of laboratory media: Autoclaving, plating and
streaking
methods, preparation of slants and stabs.
4.
Isolation and Identification of bacteria by streak plate
method
and observation of viable cells, cultural
characteristics,
morphological and biochemical
characteristics.
i)
Study of Escherchia coli
ii)
Study of Staphylococcus aureus
5)
Bacterial Staining
a)
Monochrome
b)
Negative (skin and oral microflora)
c)
Gram
d)
Capsule
e)
Inclusion bodies
6)
Study of bacterial growth curve and diauxic growth curve.
7)
Effect of environmental factors on microbial growth:
Temperature,
pH, NaCl and Antibiotics.
8)
Isolation of coliphages.
9)
Mounting of molds
i)
Aspergillus
ii)
Mucor
iii)
Penicillium
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
3.
Cell Biology
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 4
Theory
: 100
Practical
: 2
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 25
________________________________________________
SECTION-I
Unit
1: Cell structure 12
a.
Introduction to Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
b.
Prokaryotic cell structure-
The
bacterial nucleus, cell wall, capsules and slimes, Flagella
and
motility, reserve materials and other cellular inclusions;
endospores
and other persistent survival forms, pigments of
bacteria
and fungi.
c.
Eukaryotic cell structure –
The
compartmentalization of higher cells, the cytosol, the
endoplasmic
reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes and
peroxisomes,
organelles with double membranes – the
nucleus,mitochondria
and chloroplasts.
Unit
2: The Cytoskeleton 6
a.
General features of mictotubles & actin filaments as
dynamic
assemblies
b.
Microtubule organizing centers and microtubule
associated
proteins
c.
Actin filaments & actin- binding proteins in nonmuscle
cells
d.
Intermediate filaments, organization of the cytoskeleton
e.
Cilia & Flagella-Structure and Function
f.
Microfilaments-Assembly and Disassembly
g.
Muscle contractility
Unit
3: Cell adhesion and extra cellular matrix 5
Intercellular
recognition and cell adhesion, cell junctions, the
extracellular
matrix.
Unit
4: Chemical signaling between cells 7
a.
Molecular mechanism of signal transduction,
b.
Ion gated channel:ligand gated ion chanel,
c.
Neurotransmitters,
d.
G-protein coupled receptor
e.
Receptor enzymes.
f.
Secondary messengers: cyclic AMP, calcium,
Phosphatidylinositol
SECTION-II
Unit
1: Cell Cycle 10
a.
Component of cell cycle control system,
b.
Intracellular control of cell cycle,
c.
Extracellular control of cell cycle,
d.
Cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis
Unit
2: Cell Differentiation and the maintenance of
tissues
8
a.
Maintenance of the differentiated state
b.
Tissues with permanent cells,
c.
Renewal by simple duplication
d.
Renewal by stem cells- epidermis
e.
Renewal by pluripotent stem cells- blood cell formation
f.
Quiescent stem cells – skeletal muscle
g.
Stem cell engineering
Unit
3: Cellular aging and senescence 5
a.
Cellular changes during aging:morphological changes
b.
Physiological changes
c.
Subcellular changes
d.
Aging of cells in culture
e.
Aging and organ system.
f.
Theories of aging: neuroendocrine theory, Immune
theory,
somatic mutation theory, Glycation theory, error
and
fidelity theory, non genetic theory.
Unit
4: Cancer 7
a.
Types of tumors
b.
Molecular basis of cancer.
c.
Somatic mutation: proto-oncogene activation e.g. erb-B,
myc,
ras,src,sis
d.
Antioncogene inactivation e.g. Rb ,WT-1 p53,
e.
Mechanism of proto-oncogene activation: point
mutation,Gene
rearrengment,Gene amplification,
promoter
insertion, enhancer insertion.
f.
Viruses: oncogenic retroviruses, DNA oncogenic viruses,
chemical
carcinogens, ionizing radiation.
g.
Characteristics of growing tumor cells: general and
morphological
changes, biochemical changes, Metastasis,
Apoptosis.
.
Text Books:
1.
Cell Biology – Roy S.C. and De Kalyan Kumar (New
Central
Book Agency
2.
Cell Biology – Fundamantal and Application, - Gupta M.L.
and
Jangir M.L. (Agrobios)
3.
Cell and Molecular biology, 8th Ed. – De Robertis E.D.P.
and
De Robertis, Jr. E.M.F. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Reference Books:
1.
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd Ed. – Alberts B. et al
(Garland
Publishing)
2.
Molecular Cell Biology, 2nd Ed. – Lodish et.al
3.
Cell & Molecular Biology-Concepts & experiments, 3rd ed.-
Gerald
Karp (John Wiley and sons. New York
List of Experiments:
1)
Sterility of cell culture work environment
2)
Isolation of cell organelles: nucleus, mitochondria,
lysosomes.
3)
Microtechnique
i)
Fixation of various animal tissues
ii)Processing
of the fixed tissues
4)
Staining Nucleus by using basic dyes and Feulgen
technique
5)
Staining Mitochondria by Janus green B method (in bird,
insect,
oral smear)
6)
Staining Lysosomes by acid phosphatase in leucocytes
7)
Staining Golgi apparatus -(Demo)
8)
Staining Cell membrane
9)
Study of cell membrane permeability
10)
Cryo-preservation
a)
Freezing
b)
Thawing
11)
Preparation of laboratory media (cell culture)
12)
Media formulation and preparation (cell culture)
13)
Harvesting of cells:
a)
by scraping
b)
by trypsinization
14)
Preparation of
a.
Meiosis in grasshopper testis/earthworm ovary
(Demo)
b.
Mitosis in onion root tips/ tradentia flowers
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
4.
Macromolecules and Biomembranes
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 4
Theory
: 100
Practicals
: 2
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 25
________________________________________________
SECTION
- I
Unit
1. Amino acids and peptides 7
Structural
features of amino acids; Classification of amino
acids;
Physical properties- Ionisation of amino acid in
aqueous
solutions, amino acids as ampholytes ; titration
curve
and electric charge, differences in acid –base
properties,
separation by electric charge; Peptidesbiologically
active
peptides-bradikinin, oxytocin, thyrotropin,
glutathione.
Unit
2. Proteins 8
Classification
of protein, covalent structure of proteins,
secondary
structure-J helix, K-sheet, protein tertiary
structure,
quarternary structure. Conformational analysis of
polypeptides
and proteins. Ramachandran plot.Potential
energy
calculations for psi, phi angles. Predication of
secondary
structure- Chou-Fasman technique, Protein
folding-chaperones.
Protein-protein and protein-ligand
interaction.
Unit
3. Carbohydrates 8
Monosaccharides,
Disaccharides, Polysaccharides,
proteoglycans,
glycoproteins, glycol-structure and function.
Commercially
important carbohydrates-Cellulose, Xylan,
Starch
Fructan, Mannan, Pectin, Agar, Chitin, Lignin.
Unit
4. Lipids and fats 7
Classification
of lipids-simple and complex lipids, structure
and
function of glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids,
sphingomyelin,
lipoproteins
SECTION-II
Unit
1. Membrane structure and function 7
Functions,
The chemical composition of membranes,
Membrane
fluidity, Artificial membrane model- Liposome.
Unit
2. Membrane transport of small molecules 9
Aquaphorins,
Ionophores, Ion selective channel voltage
gated
e.g. Neuronal Na+ channel, Ligand gated channels
e.g.
Acetylcholine receptor, Plasma membrane involved in
facilitated
diffusion- glucose transporter, chloride
transporter,
Active transport- Na+ - K+ dependent ATPase,
Ca+
dependent ATPase.
Unit
3. Membrane transport of macromolecules and
particles-
exocytosis and endocytosis 10
Exocytosis,
Membrane fusion, Endocytosis, Coated pits
and
vesicles provide a specialized pathway for recepted
mediated
endocytosis of specific macromolecules, Many cell
surface
receptors associate with coated pits only after
liagand
binding, Some Macromolecules can penetrate cell
membrane
directly, Specialized phagocytic cells ingest
particles
that bind to specific receptors on their surface,
Phagocytosis
is a localized response that proceeds by a
“membrane-zippering”,
Membrane vesicular traffic – how it
is
powered, guided and regulated?
Unit
4. Membrane Receptors 4
Structures
and functions, methods to study membrane
receptors,
purification and characterization of adrenergic and
cholinergic
receptors.
Text books
1.
Text book of Biotechnology by H. K. Das.
2.
Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer (Freeman Int. Edition)
3.
U.Satyanarayan’s Biochemistry 2nd Edition Uppala
Publication
4.
“Principles of Biochemistry” by Albert Lehninger (CBS
Publishers)
Reference books
1.
Vitamins and Hormones, vol. 54, 1st Edition by Gerald
Litwack
(Academic Press Publication)
2.
Molecular Cell Biology, 2nd Edition,-Lodish et.al
3.
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd Edition-Bruce Alberts.
Et.
Al (Garland Publishing)
List of Experiments:
1.
Preparation of standard solutions and buffers.
2.
Verification of Beer-Lambart’s law;determination of Qmax
of
KMno4
3.
Determination of total soluble sugars by ferricyanide
method
4.
Determination of reducing sugars by Nelson-Somogyi’s
method
5.
Estimation of DNA by Diphenyl reaction
6.
Determination of RNA by Orcinol Method
7.
Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method
8.
Determination of glycogen in liver
9.
Separation of amino acids using TLC/Paper
chromatography
10.
Separation of sugars using TLC/Paper chromatography
11.
Reactions of monosaccharides : Molisch Test, Benedict
Test,
Feling Test, Barfode Test
12.
Reactions of disaccharide : Molisch Test, Benedict
Test,
Feling Test, Barfode Test, Seliwinoff’s Test
13.
Precipitation Reactions of Proteins : Precipitation by
mineral
acids, by alcohol, Heat co-agulation Test by
ammonium
sulphate, by heavy metals
14.
Color reactions of proteins
1.Biuret
Test
2
Ninhydrin Test
3.
Xanthoproteic Test
4.
Millon’s Test
5.
Sakaguchi Test
6.
Hoffkin-Cole Test
7.
Sulphur / Lead acetate Test
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
5.
Unit Operations – I
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 3
Theory
: 100
Practicals
: 2
Term
Work : 25
Practical
: 25
________________________________________________
SECTION-
I
Unit
1. Fluid static’s & its applications 5
Hydrostatic
equilibrium, Barometric equation, Hydrostatic
equilibrium
in centrifugal field, applications- Manometer,
continuous
gravity decanter, centrifugal decanter.
Unit
2. Liquid flow phenomenon 5
Classification
of fluids, Rheological behavior of fluids &
fermentation
broth, Newton’s Law of viscosity. Effect of
temperature
& pressure on viscosity of fluids. Factors
affecting
broth viscosity. Types of flow & introduction to
Reynolds
No.
Unit
3. Basic equations of fluid flow 6
Continuity
Equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Laminar flow in
pipes,
Hagen paustulies equation, Turbulent flow in pipes,
friction
factor chart.
Unit
4. Fluid pumping & Metering 7
Flow
measuring devices –Venturimeter, Orifice meter, Pittot
tube,
Rotameter, Classification of pumps - syringe pump,
peristaltic
pump, centrifugal pumps, fans, Blowers&
Compressors,
Types of valves.
SECTION-
II
Unit
1. Properties & Handling of solids 4
Characterization
of solid particles – Particle shape, Particle
size
& its analysis, mixing of solids-Ribbon mixer, pony
mixer,
beater mixer, kneaders & disperser blades.
Unit
2. Grinding & Mixing 4
Ball
mill, fluid energy mill, Agitated mills & colloid mill,
pulveriser,
Agitated vessel & types of impellers, flow
patterns,
power required for agitation.
Unit3.
Units and dimensions 6
Measurement
conventions, density, specific gravity, specific
volume,
mole, chemical composition, temperature, pressure,
standard
conditions and ideal gases, ideal gas law, physical
&
chemical property data, Stoichiometry with suitable
biochemical
example.
Unit
4. Fundamental of material balance 8
Law
of conservation of mass, types of material balance,
procedure
for material balance, calculation with suitable
biochemical
examples, material balance with recycle, bypass
and
purge system, Stoichiometry of growth and product
formation,
growth Stoichiometry & elemental balances,
Electron
balances, biomass yield, product Stoichiometry,
Theoretical
oxygen demand, maximum possible yield.
Text Books:
1)
Unit operations of chemical Engineering – W.L. McCabe
and
J.M.Smith.
2)
Bioprocess Engineering principles – Pauline M.Doran.
Reference Books-
1)
Transport processes and separation process principles –
Christic
John Geankoplis.
2)
Stoichiometry – By Hougen and Watson.
3)
Chemical Engg Volume I – Richardson and coulson.
List of Experiments:
Experiments
on following topics are to be conducted:-
1.
Friction losses through pipes.
2.
Venturimeter.
3.
Orifice meter.
4.
Bernoulli’s experiment.
5.
Ribbon blender.
6.
Sieve analysis.
7.
Ball mill.
8.
Sedimentation.
9.
Measurement of density for different liquid & solids,
specific
volume.
10.
Assignment on material balance of any process.
11.
Plate & Frame filter press.
12.
Leaf filter.
Note:
Any eight (8) experiments are to be conducted.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
6.
Microbial Identification studies
Practical
hours/week: 2
Term
work: 25 marks
________________________________________________
Students
will be provided with unknown microbial culture.
The
student shall identify and characterize the given culture
based
on morphological, cultural and biochemical
characteristics
(using Bergey’s Manual series) and submit
report
to the department on the work carried out throughout
the
semester. The term work marks shall be based on
1)
The performance of the student
2)
Report on work done
3)
Questions and answers during report submission
The
faculty member/members shall guide the students in:
1)
Information retrieval (literature survey)
a.
Source of information i.e. names of the books,
journals,
reports books etc.
b.
Searching for the information i.e. referring to
manuals
etc.
2)
Preparation of the protocol and work plan
3)
Preparation of the report as per the guidelines of
department.
4)
The theoretical aspects of 16S rRNA technique and DNADNA
hybridization
technique and its application in microbial
identification.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-III
7.
Soft skills-I
Tutorial
hours/week: 1
Term
work: 25 marks
Personal
Competences
Soft
skills
Definition
& importance, general types of soft skill (social,
Psychological,
Communication)
Personal
Qualities
Introduction,
components of personality, multitask
handling,
Administrative and technocratic qualities,
introduction
to personal evaluation and appraisal
Thinking
skill
Importance
of thinking, types of thinking,
Intelligence
and emotional quotient
Leadership
skills
Definition,
types of leaderships, leadership styles
Time
management
Importance
& significance of time, utilization,
Business
etiquettes
Introduction,
importance, different types of etiquettes,
manners,
protocols, corporate culture
Stress
management
Definition,
types of stress, stress management,
Term
work marks shall be based on-
Personality
tests
IQ
and EQ tests
Leadership
essays
Time
schedules of different organizations
Diversified
culture
Brainstorming
Reference Books
Organizational
Behavior by Don Hellriegel, Jhon W. Slocum,
Richard
W. Woodman
Second Year Engineering
SEMESTER– IV
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
1.
Biostatistics
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 3
Theory
: 100
Tutorial
: 1
Term
Work : 25
___________________________________________
SECTION
– I
Unit
1 Descriptive Statistics: 4
1.1
Presentation of Data : Frequency Distribution,
Graphical
presentation
of
data.
1.2
Measures of Location: Mean, Median, Mode and
simple
properties (Without derivation)
1.3
Measures of Dispersion: Range, Variance,
Standard
Deviation (S.D)
Coefficient
of Variation.
Unit
2 Probability: 5
2.1
Statistical Probability with simple problems.
2.2
Conditional probability.
2.3
Baye’s Theorem.
Unit
3 Probability Distribution 4
a.
Discrete Distributions – Binomial, Poisson
distribution
and properties.
b.
Continuous Distributions – Normal distribution and
properties.
Unit
4: Test of Significance: 8
4.1
Sampling distribution of mean and standard error
4.2
Large sample tests (test for an assumed mean and
equality
of two
population
means)
4.3
small sample tests (t-test for an assumed mean
and
equality of means
of
two populations), Paired t-test.
4.4
Confidence Interval for means.
SECTION
– II
Unit
1: Correlation and Regression: 6
1.1
Bivariate data – simple correlation and regression
coefficients
and
their
relation.
1.2
Linear regression and equations of line of
regression.
1.3
Curve Fitting.
1.4
Logistic Regression.
Unit
2: Test using Chi-square Distribution: 5
2.1
Inference about population variance.
2.2
Goodness of fit test.
2.3
Test for independence of attributes Yates’s
Correction.
2.4
Confidence Interval for variances.
Unit
3: Experimental Design: 6
3.1
Principles of experimental designs, completely
randomized
design.
3.2
Randomized block design and precision of results.
3.3
Simple factorial experiments of 22, 23.
3.4
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its uses in the
designs.
Unit
4: Sampling and Research Methodology:
4
4.1 Sampling Techniques –Simple random sampling,
Systematic,
Stratified
Multistage,
Cluster sampling (Theoretical)
4.2
Designing and Methodology of an Experiment.
General Instructions:
1.
For the term work of 25 marks, batch wise tutorials
are
to be conducted. The number of students per batch
should
be as per University pattern for practical
batches.
2.
Minimum number of assignments should be 8 covering
all
topics.
3.
Use Statistical software to solve the real life and
engineering
problems.
Nature
of Question paper:
1.
There will be two sections carrying 50 marks each.
2.
There will be four questions in each section and three
question
should be attempted from each section.
Reference Books:
1.
Statistics and Experimental Design – An Introduction
for
Biologists and
Biochemists
– Geoffrey Clark
2.
Gupta S.C. Fundamentals of Statistics. Himalaya
Publishing
House, New
Delhi.
3.
Daniel W.W, Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis
in
the Health.
4.
Introduction to Biostatistics and Research
Methodology
– Rao & Richard.
5.
Mathematical Models in Biology – Allman & Rhodes.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
2.
Unit Operation – II
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 4
Theory
: 100
Practical
: 2
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 25
________________________________________________
SECTION
– I
Unit
1. Mechanism of heat transfer. Basic law of conduction,
steady-state
conduction combine resistances, combine
conduction
and convention. Heat flow through cylinder. 7
Unit
2. Convection heat transfer, dimensional analysis,
forced
and natural convection, convention in flow over
surfaces
through pipes. Boiling and condensation. 7
Unit
3. Heat exchangers 10
Types
of heat exchanging Equipments, Double- pipe heat
exchanger.
Countercurrent and parallel flows heat flux and
overall
and individual heat transfer coefficients. LMTD,
fouling
factor and typical overall heat transfer coefficient,
extended
surfaces.
Unit
4. Evaporation 6
Design
of evaporators, overall heat transfer coefficients,
calculation
for single and multiple effects.
SECTION
– II
Unit
1. Molecular diffusion 7
Diffusion
theory, role of diffusion in Bioprocessing, film
theory,
oxygen uptake in cell culture, factors affecting
cellular
oxygen demand oxygen transfer from gas bubble to
cell.
Unit
2. Distillation 9
Raoult’s
law, Ideal solutions types of distillation vapour liquid
equilibria.
McCabe Thiele method. Azeotrophic distillation,
Total
reflux, minimum and optimum, extractive distillation,
reflux
ratio, molecular distillation, vacuum distillation.
Unit
3. Drying 9
Classification
of dryers, principles of drying, calculation of
heat
duty, rate of drying, Critical moisture content,
calculation
of drying time, drying equipments, freeze dryer,
tray
dryer, rotary dryer, fluidized bed dryer, spray dryer,
drum
dryer, flash dryer.
Unit
4. Extraction 5
Introduction
to liquid-liquid extraction, Application of
extraction
to biological system, batch operation.
Text books:
1)
Unit operations of Chemical Engg.-W. L. McCabe and J.
M.
Smith.
2)
Bioprocess Engg. Principles- Pauline M.Doran.
Reference books:
1)
Transport processes and separation processes
principles-
Christic John Geankoplis
2)
Stoichiometry by Hougen and Watson.
3)
Chemical Engg. Vol. 2. By Richardson & Coulson.
List of Experiments:
Experiments
on following topics are to be conducted:-
1.
Heat transfer in metal rod.
2.
Heat transfer through insulating powder.
3.
Double pipe heat exchanger.
4.
Shell & tube heat exchanger.
5.
Forced convection.
6.
Natural convection.
7.
Lagged pipe.
8.
Simple distillation.
9.
Vacuum distillation.
10.
Vacuum dryer.
11.
Rotary Dryer.
12.
Extraction of solute.
Note:
Any eight (8) experiments are to be conducted.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
3.
Enzyme Technology
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 4
Theory
: 100
Practical
: 2
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 25
___________________________________________________________
SECTION-
I
Unit
1. Enzymes 9
Classification,
nomenclature, International units and types of
enzymes,
General characters of enzymes: characters such
as
specificity, catalysis and regulation and localization of
enzymes
in the cell, Structure of enzymes: Primary,
secondary
and tertiary structure of enzyme.
Unit
2. Enzyme Kinetics 7
Introduction
to kinetics: activation energy, transition state
theory
and energy, consideration, Kinetics of single
substrate
enzyme catalysed reaction- Michaelis- Menten
equation,
Significance of Km and Vmax, Modifications of
Michaeli’s
–Menten plot.
Unit
3. Enzyme inhibition and its kinetics 5
Types
of inhibition- Reversible and
irreversible
inhibition, Kinetics of inhibition.
Unit
4. Enzyme Catalysis 9
Catalytic
efficiency- proximity and orientation effects,
distortion
or strain, Different mechanisms of enzyme
catalysis,
acidbase and covalent catalysis and metal-ion
catalysis,
Molecular mechanism of action of chymotrypsin,
Lysozyme,
Chemical modification of enzymes
SECTION-
II
Unit
1. Allosteric and regulatory enzyme 7
Binding
of ligands to Protein, Co-operativity models- MWC
and
KNF model, Regulations by allosteric enzymes, Other
mechanisms
of enzyme regulation-enzyme induction and
repression
and covalent modification.
Unit
2. Immobilized enzymes 6
Methods
of immobilization - ionic bonding, adsorption,
covalent,
bonding (based on R groups of amino acids),
microencapsulation
and gel entrapment, Properties of
immobilized
enzymes, Applications of immobilized enzymes.
Unit
3. Production of enzymes 10
Sources
of enzymes-animal plant and microbial sources,
Large
scale production of enzymes- basic methodology of
production,
extraction and purification of enzymes, Enzyme
production
and recombinant DNA technology.
Unit
4. Biotechnological applications of enzymes 7
Applications
of enzymes in food, sugar, leather, detergent
industries
etc., Uses of enzymes in drug, medicine,
industries,
Uses of enzymes to make amino acids and
peptides,
Legislative and safety aspects.
Text Books:
A
text book of Biochemistry,-A.V.S.S. Rama Rao 9th
ed (UBS
Publisher’s
and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.)
Leninger:
Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed.-Nelson D. et al
(Worth
Publishers)
Basic
Biotechnology, 2nd Ed.-Ratledge, C and Kristiansen B.
(Cambridge).
Reference Books:
Fundamentals
of Enzymology Price and Stevens
Enzymes
Dixon and Webb
Isoenzymes
By D. W. Moss
Immobilized
Biocatalysts W. Hartneir
Selected
papers Allosteric Regulation M. Tokushige
Biochemistry,
5th, Ed.Berg,J.M.
Tymoczko J.L. and Stryer L.
(W.H.
Freman & Co.)
Molecular
biology of the Cell,2nd Ed.- Alberts B. et al
(Garland
Publishing)
Molecula
cell biology, 2nd Ed.- Lodish et al.
List of Experiments:
1.
Isolation of amylase, protease and cellulase producing
microorganisms.
2.
Qualitative detection of enzymesa)
Amylase
b)
Cellulase
c)
Urease
d)
Catalase
e)
Invertase
3.
Assay of enzyme (Amylase/ Invertase)
4.
Effect of variables on enzyme activity- amylase/invertase
a.
Substrate concentration
b.
Temperature
c.
pH
5.
Effect of inducers and inhibitors on amylase/ invertase
6.
Study of Immobilization by whole cell entrapment method
(Demo).
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
4.
Metabolic Pathways and Their Regulation
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 3
Theory
: 100
Practical
: 2
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 25
________________________________________________
SECTION
–I
Unit
1. Metabolism of carbohydrates 8
Glycogenolysis,
Glycogenesis, Glycolysis, TCA cycle,
HMPshunt
pathway, Pentose phosphate pathway,
Gluconeogenesis,
Fermentation.
Unit
2. Metabolism of lipids 5
J,
K, R oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid,
propionate
pathway, Biosynthesis of Lipids and cholesterol
Unit
3. Metabolism of Proteins 5
Transamination
of amino acids, Deamination of amino acids,
urea
cycle. Biosynthesis of amino acids, Biosynthesis of
proteins.
Unit
4. Metabolism of nucleic acids 5
Biosynthesis
of purines and pyraimidines, catabolism of
purines
and pyramidines
SECTION-
II
Unit
1. Biological oxidation 7
Enzymes
of biological oxidation, High energy compounds –
ATP,
ADP. Electron transport chain, oxidative
phosphorylation,
pigments involved in photosysnthesis
Unit
2. Electron transport under anaerobic condition:
7
Nitrate
respiration-denitrification and nitrate amonification,
Denitrification,
Reduction of sulphur to hydrogen sulphide,
the
formation of methane by reduction of carbonate, the
formation
of acetate by reduction of carbonate, the
formation
of succinate by reduction of fumerate,reduction of
iron
( III ) to iron (II ) ions.
Unit
3. Inorganic hydrogen donors 4
Aerobic
chemolithotropic bacteria, Ammonium and nitrite
oxidation,
nitrification, oxidation of reduced sulphur
compounds,
oxidation of iron (III ), oxidation of molecular
hydrogen,
carbondioxide fixation.
Unit
4. Stoichiometric and kinetics of microbial growth
from
a thermodynamic perspective
4
Nomenclature,
Introduction, Stoichiometric calculations,
Stoichiometric
prediction based on Gibbs Energy dissipation,
growth
kinetics from a thermodynamic point of view
Text books
1.
Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial
infections
9th Edn vol 5 –Cox
F.E.G. et al (Arnold
publication
)
2
.U. Satyanarayana’s Biochemistry 2nd Edn (Uppala
Publication)
3
. General Microbiology 7th Edn. Schlegel H.G (Cambridge
University
Press )
Reference books
1.
Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2nd Edn.- Albert Bruce
(garland
Publication )
2.
Molecular Cell Biology, 2nd Edn Lodish et al
3.
Biochemistry by Stryer
List of Experiments:
1.
Estimation of serum creatinine by Jaffe’s Method.
2.
Estimation of serum Albumin by Bromocresol dye method.
3.
Estimation of serum Bilirubin-Direct and Indirect by
Malloy
and Evelyn method.
4.
Estimation of serum Triglcerides.
5.
Estimation of serum SGOT.
6.
Estimation of serum SGPT.
7.
Estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase.
8.
Estimation of serum cholesterol.
9.
Column chromatographic separation of proteins by Gel
filtration.
10.
Separation of proteins by polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
5.
Molecular Biology
Teaching
Scheme: Hrs
Examination
Scheme: Marks
Lectures
: 4
Theory
: 100
Practical
: 4
Term
Work : 25
Practical/oral
: 50
________________________________________________
SECTION
–I
Unit
1. Genetic material 4
a)
Evidences for nucleic acids as genetic material
b)
Watson and Crick’s model of DNA structure
c)
Alternative forms of DNA.
Unit
2. Organization of genetic material 14
a)
Viruses: Nature of genetic material, unfolding and packing
of
viral genetic material.
b)
Bacteria: Folded fibre model in E.
coli.
c)
Eucaryotes: Nucleus, nucleosomes, Euchromatin and
heterochromatin,
histones and non histone proteins, Giant
chromosomes,
satellite DNA. Structure of class I, class II
and
class III genes.
d)
Split genes and overlapping genes.
Unit
3. Duplication of chromosome and DNA 9
a)
DNA replication in E. coli- rules and enzymes involved
theta
and rolling circle model.
b)
Nucleic acid replications in viruses: basic model- rolling
circle,
theta and linear DNA replication.
c)
Organelle DNA replication – chloroplasts and
mitochondria.
d)
Chromosome duplication – Taylor’s experiment, Dupra’s
folded
fibre and alternative folded fibre models of metaphase
chromosomes.
e)
RNA replication.
Unit
4. Plasmids 3
Nomenclature
and classification; general properties and
types;
detection and purification; replication and transfer
processes.
SECTION
-II
Unit
1. Molecular aspects of gene regulation and expression 15
a)
Evolution of one cistron one polypeptide theory.
b)
Genetic code-Deciphering of genetic code, Dictionary and
important
properties of genetic code.
c)
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA
processing,
structures of rRNA, tRNA and mRNA, antisense
RNA
and its significance, post-transcriptional processes,
Novel
structural motifs in transcription factors in eukaryotes.
d)
Translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, operon
models-lactose,
tryptophan and arabinose, Post-translational
modifications,
fate of newly synthesized proteins.
e)
Environmental factors in gene expression.
f)
Inhibitors of transcription and translation.
g)
Regulation of gene expression.
h)
Global influences on gene expression.
Unit
2. DNA damage and repair 5
Types
of damages, damaging agents, repair mechanisms -
photoreactivation,
dark repair, postreplicational
recombination
repair, SOS repair.
Unit
3. DNA recombination 4
Homologous
recombination, Site-specific recombination,
Consequences
of recombination event.
Unit
4. Mobile elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes 6
Discovery,
Characteristics of transposable elements, Types:
insertion
sequences, transposons, Retrosposons, Maize
transposons,
Ty elements of yeast, Transposition- replicative
and
non-replicative, formation of target site duplications.
Text
books:
1.
Genes VII – Benjamin Lewin
2.
Molecular Biology – Freifelder
3.
Molecular Biology and biotechnology, 4th ed by Walker
J.M.
and Rapley R.
4.
Molecular Biology of the genes – Watson J.D.
5.
Principles of Genetics - Gardner E.J. Simmons M.J. and
Slustad
D.P.
6.
Genetics – Monroe W. and Strickberger
Reference
books:
The
Cell - Bruce Alberts et al
Molecular
Biology of cell – Lodish et al
Genes
and Genomes – Singer M and Berg P.
List
of Experiments:
1.
Demonstration of bacterial and yeast DNA.
2.
Spooling of chromosomal DNA from onion cells.
3.
Isolation of DNA from bacteria and yeasts.
4.
Isolation of RNA from yeasts.
5.
Isolation of bacterial plasmid.
6.
Isolation of yeast plasmid.
7.
Principles and practice of agarose gel electrophoresis.
8.
Quantitation of DNA.
9.
Isolation of restriction endonucleases from bacteria.
10.
Testing of chemicals for mutagenecity using Ame’s
test.
11.
Determination of melting temperature (Tm) and
base
composition of DNA from thermal denaturation
characteristics.
12.
Isolation of plant mitochondrial DNA.
13.
In vitro transcription.
14.
Purification of plasmid.
15.
Tunel technique- DNA repair.
16.
Bacterial conjugation.
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
6.
Basic computer language skills
Practical
hours/week: 2
Term
work: 25 marks
________________________________________________
1.
MS-Window Operating System
a.
Introduction
b.
System Requirements
c.
Installation (Microsoft XP and Microsoft Server2000)
d.
Security Features, Administrator Privileges
e.
Authentication, User account creation
2.
Unix Operating System
a.
Introduction to Unix
b.
Installation of RedHat Linux, or Fedora Core or Ubuntu
c.
Terminal Commands, VI-Editor
d.
Shell Commands and Scripts
e.
Open Office
3.
C, C++, Oracle, Visual
basic, dotnet
4.
Internet and Web Browsing
a.
Internet Explore, Mozilla Fire Fox
b.
Biological Search Engines- SRS, Entrez
c.
Protein Data Bank and Structural analysis
d.
Visualization tools- RasMol, SwissPDB, Cn3D
e.
Literature Databases- PubMed, Medline, Scirus, Nature
Second Year Engineering: Semester-IV
7.
Soft skills-II
Tutorial
hours/week: 1
Term
work: 25 marks
________________________________________________
Corporate
Culture and Team Work
Communication
skills-
Oral/spoken,
written communication skills, effective
presentation
skill
Interpersonal
skills-
Definition,
significance, different types of interpersonal skills
Teamwork/collaboration
skills –
Basic
types of team, team effectiveness factors
Problem-solving
skills –
Introduction,
Different steps in problem solving, barriers in
problem
solving,
Decision
making,
Work
ethic -
Definition
of profession, Importance of values, types of
management’s
ethics, work attitude
Conflict
management-
Definition,
varieties of conflicts, negotiation
Self
evaluation and appraisal
Importance
and significance, parameters of evaluation and
appraisal
Term
work marks shall be based on-
Technical
Presentation
Team
work- case study
Corporate
meeting
Case
study of corporate problem
Self
evaluation
Reference
Books
Organizational
Behavior by Don Hellriegel, Jhon W. Slocum,
Richard
W. Woodman
