Revised Syllabus of
( B.E. Biotechnology Engineering
Sem –VII & VIII )
To be introduced from the academic year 2010-11
(i.e. from June 2010 ) Onwards
(Subject to the modifications will be made from
time to time)
Shivaji
University, Kolhapur
B.E. Part – I (Biotechnology Engineering) SEM-VII
1.
BIOREACTION ENGINEERING
Hrs/week
Examination Marks
Lectures 4
Practicals 2
Unit
1. Reaction kinetics
Section
-I
Theory: 100
POE: 25
Term Work : 25
(10)
Reaction thermodynamics, order and molecularity of reaction,
homogeneous and
heterogeneous reactions, elementary and non elementary reactions,
reaction yield, reaction
rate, calculation of reaction rates from experimental data, general
reaction kinetics for
biological system, production kinetics in cell culture, kinetics
of substrate uptake in cell
culture, growth kinetics with plasmid instability, kinetics of
bisubstrate enzyme reactions,
kinetics of enzyme deactivation.
Unit
2. Single reactor system
(8)
Constant volume and variable reactors, batch operation of a well
mixed enzyme and cell
culture reactor, fed batch operation of a well mixed enzyme and
cell culture reactor,
continuous operation of well mixed enzyme and cell culture
reactor, continuous operation of
plug flow enzyme and cell culture reactor, autocatalytic
reactions, recycle reactors-plug flow
reactor and continuous stirred tank reactor, comparison between
major modes of reactor
operation.
Unit
3 Multiple reactor system
(6)
Continuous stirred tank reactors of equal size in series,
continuous stirred tank reactors of
unequal size in series, finding conversion in given system,
determining the best system for a
given conversion, plug flow reactors in series and parallel,
reactors of different types in
series.
Section-II
Unit
4 Multiple reactions(
Simple reactions ,stepwise reactions, parallel reactions ,series
reactions, maximising r in
batch reactor , plug flow reactor and continuous stirred tank
reactor, reactor choice for series
reactions and series parallel reactions, reversible reactions.
Unit
5 Design for multiple reactions(8)
reactions in parallel- qualitative discussion about product
distribution, quantitative treatment
of product distribution and reactor size, selectivity.
reactions in series-quantitative discussion about product
distribution in plug flow and batch
reactor.
Unit
6 Deviations from ideal reactors(8)
Concept of non ideality, reasons of non ideality, RTD studies, f
curve, c curve, e curve,
diagnosis of ills of flow reactors, modelling of non ideal
behaviour-dispersion model, tanks in
series model.
References:
1. Chemical Reaction Engineering: Levenspile O4
2. Chemical Engineering Kinetics: Smith J.
3. S.M. Walas, “Reaction Kinetics for Chemical Engineers”, McGraw
Hill, New York.
4. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering: H.Scott, Fogler.
5. J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose, “Kinetics and Mechanics of
Chemical
Transformations “,Macmillam India Ltd. , 1993.
6. Basic Biotechnology, edited by Colin Ratledge and Bjorn
Kristiansen, Cambridge
University Press 2003.
7. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, Bailey, and Ollis, McGraw
Hill Book
Co.1986.
8. Bioreacation Engineering, K. Schergeri, Vols 1 & 2, John
Wiley. 1985.
9. Bioprocess computations in Biotechnology, T.K. Ghosh, Ellis
Horwood
Publications, 1988.
10. Advanced Biochemical Engg., ‘ Henry R. Bugay Georgs Belforj,
John Wiley &
Sons.’
11. Process Biotechnology Fundamentals, S.N. Mukhopadhaya, Viva
Books Pvt.
Ltd., 2001’
12. Bioprocess Engineering Principles by Pauline Doran
List
of Experiments:
Minimum eight experiments should be performed. Suggested list is
as below
1. Study of first order reaction.
2. Inversion of sucrose.
3. Study of pseudo first order reaction- Acid catalyzed hydrolysis
of methyl acetate
4. Study of a second order reaction – Saponification of ethyl
acetate.
5. Determination of Arrhenius parameters for amylase or invertase.
6. Study of homogeneous catalytic reaction, decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide,
acid
catalyzed ester hydrolysis.
7. Batch fermentation of sucrose using invertase.
8. Study of PFR.
9. Study of CSTR.
10. Study of CSTR combination in first order reactions.
11. Study of F & C curves in CSTR.
12. Study of F & C curves in helical coil reactor.
13. Study of PFR & CSTR combination in second order reaction.
2.
PROTEIN ENGINEERING
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures : 4 /week Theory : 100
Practical : Term Work : 25
SECTION
I
UNIT
I
Applied
Protein Biotechnology- (3)
Engineering proteins as target molecules- engineering enzymes for
stability, specificity,
purification, medium engineering, engineering antibodies,
engineering signal molecules, industrial
enzyme engineering, protein engineering for health care,
diagnostics and bioremediation.
UNIT
II
Effect
and importance of amino acids and conformation of proteins (8)
Protein - general introduction, forces that determine protein
structures and elucidation of protein
structure. Protein folding in vivo and in vitro, successful protein folding on an industrial
scale.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding, folding and
diseased states. Analysis of
conformational stability of protein by optical spectroscopy and
gel electrophoresis and
immunochemical methods.
UNIT
III
Peptide
mapping (4)
Cleavage of peptide bonds by chemical and enzymatic methods,
controlled and complete
proteolysis, proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
solution, Separation of polypeptide
fragments.
UNIT
IV
Structure-Function
relationship of proteins (8)
Conformation of specific proteins with respect to their active
site - subtilisin, ribonuclease. Protein
structure and molecular approach to medicine; introduction to
sickle cell anaemia, viruses and their
impact on health as seen through structure and function, HIV and
AIDS, p53 and its role in cancer.
SECTION
II
UNIT
V
Basic
concept of designing a new protein / enzyme molecule (8)
Site directed mutagenesis, PCR method and Non rational design –DNA
Shuffling, Directed
molecular evolution, Error prone PCR, RACHITT, ITCHY, Solid Phase
Peptide Synthesis (Epitope
synthesis) Chemical synthesis of proteins, Protein Semisynthesis.
UNIT
VI
6
Engineering
proteins for enhanced recovery (4)
Engineering proteins for enhanced recovery and folding of
recombinant proteins using fusion
protein strategies for Affinity purification - His tag, Strep tag.
UNIT
VII
Solvent
engineering, stabilizing industrial enzymes by protein engineering (3)
Examples as lipases and Subtilisin - application, improvement of
activity.
UNIT
VIII
Engineering
therapeutic proteins and antibodies (4)
Antibodies structure, antibody humanization and characterization.
Recombinant antibody
expression, Designer antibodies.
UNIT
IX
Chemical
modification (5)
Chemical modification in the homologous and heterologous proteins
produced from
prokaryotes: Phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation,
formylation, methioniation and
demethionation (examples like- rat glutathione S-tranferase, Hafina
alvei etc.).
REFERENCES:
1. Klaus Demobowsky, Novel Therapeutic Proteins: Wiley
Publications.
2. Messer- Schmidt, Handbook of Metalloproteins – Wiley
Publications.
3. Ronald Kellner et al., Microcharacterisation of Proteins, 2nd ed. Wiley Publications
4. Susane Brakmann, Directed Molecular Evolution of Proteins-
Wiley Publications
5. Walsh. G, Protein Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2nd ed., Wiley Publications
6. Westermeier – Proteomics in Practice- Wiley Publications.
7. Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists,
Maryland, USA.
8. Jeffrey L. Cleland et al, Protein Engineering Practices and Principles,
Wiley Publications.
9. Protein Structure, a practical approach, 2nd edition, edited by T.E. Creighton, Oxford
university press.
10. Protein Function, a practical approach, 2nd edition, edited by T.E. Creighton, Oxford
university press.
11. Biotechnology, second, completely revised edition, edited by
H.J. Rehm and G. Reed in
cooperation with A. Puhler and P. Stadler, Volume editors A.
Mountain, U. M. Ney, D.
Schomburg, Volume 5a, Willey VCH.
3.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 Theory : 100
Practicals Term Wokr : 25
SECTION
I
Unit
I 10
Introduction,
classification, biosynthesis, production and mechanism of action of
pharmaceutical
products : β-lactams, streptomycin,
cephamycin, lincomycin , anticancer
agents , peptide antibiotics, tetracycline, hybrid antibiotics.
Unit
II 8
Drug
targets classification: DNA,
RNA, post-translational processing enzymes, metabolic ,
enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis, G-protein coupled
receptors (monomeric
transmembrane proteins), small molecule receptors, neuropeptide
receptors, ion channels
(monomeric multi-transmembrane)proteins, ligand-gated ion channels
(Oligomeric
transmembrane proteins), transporters (multi-transmembrane
proteins).
Unit
III 6
Drug
manufacturing: Liquid dosage forms –
solutions, suspensions and emulsions; Topical
applications – ointments, creams, suppositories; Solid dosage
forms – powders, granules, capsules,
tablets, coating of tablets: Aerosols; preservation; packing
techniques.
SECTION
II
Unit
I 5
Biopharmaceuticals: Introduction, the status of the industry, the
problems of biopharmaceuticals:
differences from new chemical entities(NCE), biopharmaceuticals
will be expensive to manufacture
,biopharmaceuticals cannot be given orally and will have wrong
pharmacokinetics,
biopharmaceuticals cannot be subject to normal preclinical and
clinical testing, biopharmaceuticals
are not patentable, the regulatory authorities will not know how
to deal with
biopharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals will not be accepted by
physicians and their patients.
Unit
II 6
Biopharmaceutical
Product Development: Case Study: D2E7 : Development of a human
antibody to tumor necrosis factor(TNF), expression system,
bioreactor, clarification, capture, and
fine purification, product characterization, drug product
formulation, progress toward a
commercially viable process, cell line and bioreactor
improvements, transgenic expression system,
high –capacity purification technologies.
Unit
III 6 8
Hepatitis vaccine, insulin, growth hormone production using r- DNA
technology.
Unit
IV 4
Oligonucleotides:
Gene therapy in HIV
infection, antisense therapy, ribozymes.
Unit
V 3
Pharmacological
screening and assays: General
principles of screening; correlations between various animal models and human
situations.
Text/Reference
books:
1. Understanding Biopharmaceuticals: Manufacturing and Regulatory
Grindley, Jill E. Ogden
2. Murray Moo-Young- Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol.3.2004
(Permagon Press)
3. A.H. Scrage, ‘Biotechnology for Engineers, 1988.
4. Christine M. Bladon. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.(2002).
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. A multi volume comprehensive treatise, Biotechnology second,
completely revised edition,
edited by H. J. Rehm and G. Reed in cooperation with A. Puhler and
P. Stadler Volume 5a.
6. Grietje Molema and Dirk K.F.Meijer. Wiley-VCH. (2002). Drug
Targeting Organ-Specific
strategies.
7. W.B. Pratt and P. Taylor, Churchill Livingston “Principles of
Drug Action”.
8. A.M Hillery, A. W. Lloyd and J. Swarbrick, Harwood Academic
Publisher. “Drug Delivery and
Targeting”.
9. Murray Moo-Young -Comprehensive biotechnology Vol.3.2004
(Permagon Press)
10. Lachman, L. et al., the Theory and Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy, 3rd Edition, Varghese
Publishing House, 1987.
11. Pharmaceutical microbiology edited by W.B. Hugo and Russel, 6th edition, Blackwell Scientific
publication.
12. Ansel, H.C. et al , Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug
Delivery Systems, 7th Edition,
Lippincott Williams, Wilkins, 2002.
13. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jay P Rho, Stan G
Louie, Haworth Press.Inc. First
edition 2004. 9
4.
Bioprocesses
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 Theory : 100
Practicals 2 OE : 25
Term Work : 25
SECTION
I
Unit
1. (5)
Fermentative
production of Organic solvents:-Ethanol, Acetone, Butanol- (History,
microorganisms, biosynthetic pathway, example of one media,
fermentation method, recovery,
commercial products available.)
Unit
2. (5)
Alcoholic
beverages: Beer, Wine-Red, White and
Sparkling, Whisky- (History, microorganisms ,
biosynthetic pathway, example of one media, fermentation method,
recovery, commercial products
available)
Unit
3. (5)
Fermentative
production of Organic acid:
--Lactic acid, Citric acid, Acetic acid, Propionic and
Butyric acid – (History, microorganisms ,biosynthetic pathway,
example of one media,
fermentation method, recovery, commercial products available.)
Unit
4 (4)
Production
of Enzymes:- Lipases, α–Amylases,
Glucose isomerases, L-Asparginase,
Immobilization of enzymes & cells.
Unit
5 (3)
Concepts
of Biofilters, Biopulping.
Unit
6 (2)
Biological
Production of Hydrogen-Biofuel cell.
SECTION
II
UNIT
7 (4)
Fermentative
production of Vitamins:
Vitamin B12, riboflavin, β – carotene – (History,
organisms, biosynthetic pathway, example of one media,
fermentation method, recovery,
commercial products available). List of all vitamins & list of
diseases produced by their deficiency
UNIT
8 (5)
Fermentative
production of Amino Acid:-
L-glutamic acid, L-Phenylalanine, L-lysine,
L- tryptophan- (History, organisms, biosynthetic pathway, example
of one media, fermentation
method, recovery, commercial products available.)
UNIT
9. (3)
10
Production
of Single cell protein from
alkane, methanol, municipal sewage. Production of oil and baker’s yeast
UNIT
10 Biotransformation (4)
Steroid transformation & aromatic pesticide transformation
(Types of reactions, at least one
example of each type, organisms involved, processes of
fermentation etc.)
UNIT11.
(2)
Production
of Biosurfactants; – Xanthan & Dextran
UNIT12.
(4)
Bioenergy
a) Biodiesel production from various feedstocks.
b) Biogas production from municipal sewage (digester types,
chemical reactions in methane
production, organisms involved, composition of biogas)
UNIT13.
(2)
Production
of pigments: Anthocyanin, Flavins
List
of Practicals (Any 8)
1. Production of lipase
2. Estimation of lipase
3. Estimation of glucose by Anthrone method.
4. Viability testing of fermenting organisms
5. Estimation of Citric acid by pyridine and acetic anhydride
method
6. Production of Xanthan gum
7. Production of Baker’s yeast
8. Primary screening of antibiotic producer from soil
9. Primary screening of acid producer from soil
10. Identification of amino acid over producer
11. Screening of pigment producing microorganisms
12. Biotransformation of chitin to chitosan
Note-
external orals should based on practicals conducted
Textbooks/
References:
1. M.M. Young, “Comprehensive Biotechnology”, Vol 3. and 4
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985.
2. Alan R. Liss, “Advances in Biotechnological Processes,” Vol.6,
Page 1.30, 1986.
3. D.A. Shapton and R.G Board, 'Safety in Microbiology,’ Academic
Press, London, 1972.
4. H.D. Kumar, “Modern Concepts of Biotechnology”, Vikas
Publishing house Pvt. Ltd., 1998.
5. Keshav Trehan, “ Biotechnology”, New Age International (P)
Ltd., 2002,
6. S.N. Mukhopadhyay I. Campbell, F.G. Priest, Process
Biotechnology Fundamentals, Viva
Books Ltd., 2001
7. C.M. Brown, Introduction to Biotechnology, Panima Publishing
Corporation, 2002.
8. A textbook of Industrial microbiology (second edition)Wulf
Crueger & Anneliese
Cruger 2000Panima Publishing Corporation
9. Industrial microbiology by Prescott/Dunn agrobios (India)
10. Introductory practical microbiology -by Jayababu Mudili
11. Practical Biochemistry by David Plummer.
5.
Elective-I
PLANT
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
Practical -- Practical :
External :
Internal :
SECTION-I
UNIT
I TISSUE CULTURE (7)
Introduction to cell and tissue culture; Tissue culture media
(composition,
preparation); Plant growth regulators and elicitors, Initiation
and maintenance of callus and cell
suspension culture, Micropropagation, Virus -free plants, Embryo
culture and embryo rescue,
Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis; Protoplast isolation
culture and fusion; Hairy root
cultures and their cultivation
UNIT
II TISSUE CULTURE APPLICATIONS I (4)
Production of haploids and homozygous line (Anther, pollen and
ovary culture), Somaclonal
variations, DNA Banks and Germplasm conservation
(Cryopreservation);
UNIT
III TISSUE CULTURE APPLICATIONS II (5)
Production of secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures;
Processes for
enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Technology of
plant cell culture
for production of chemicals; Bioreactors systems and models for
mass cultivation
of plant cells, kinetics of growth and product formation.
UNIT
IV PLANT TRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (9)
Agrobacterium
mediated gene transfer; Agrobacterium
based vectors, viral
vectors
and their application. Direct gene transfer methods; chemical
methods, electroporation,
microinjection, particle bombardment and other methods.
Transformation of monocots, Transgene
stability and gene silencing. Impoartant considerations (Use of
35S and other promoters, Genetic
markers, Reporter gene with introns, Use of scaffold attachment
region, Multiple gene transfer)
SECTION-II
UNIT
V PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND
(4)
PERFORMANCE
I (BIOTIC STRESS)
Herbicide resistance, Insect resistance, Disease resistance, Virus
resistance.
12
UNIT
VI PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND
PERFORMANCE
II (ABIOTIC STRESS) (4)
Abiotic stress tolerance; Drought, Temperature, Salt, Post harvest
losses, Long shelf life of fruits
and flowers, Male sterile lines, Transgenic plants as
Bio-factories.
UNIT
VII MOLECULAR FARMING & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS (4)
Application of Plant biotechnology for the production of quality
oil, Industrial enzymes, Antigens
(edible vaccine) and plantibodies.
UNIT
VIII METABOLIC ENGINEERING (3)
Metabolic Engineering for Plant Secondary Metabolites.
UNIT
IX MOLECULAR MARKER AIDED BREEDING (6)
Molecular markers,. markers based on hybridization(RFLP
Maps),Markers based on PCR
amplifications(RAPD
Markers,STSs,Microsatellites,SCARs,SSCP,AFLP),Molecular Marker
Assisted Selection: molecular breeding, Linkage analysis,
Map-based cloning, QTL(Quantitative
Trait Loci)
UNIT-
X (3)
Arid and Semiarid Plant Biotechnology, Green House and Green Home
Technology
TEXT
BOOKS/ REFERENCES:-
1. Roberta Smith, Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and
Experiments. 2nd ed.,Academic Press,
2000.
2. Bhojwani, S.S. and Rajdan, Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and
Practice. 2004
3. Roberta Smith, Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and
Experiments, Academic
Press; 2nd ed, 2000.
4. Crispeels, M.J. and Sadava, D.E., Plants, Genes and Crop
Biotechnology, Jones and Bartlett
Publishers (2nd Edition), 2003.
5. Bhowjwani, S.S., Plant Tissue Culture: Application and
Limitations. Amsterdam,
Elsevier, 1990.
6. Charles Cunningham and Andrew J.R. Porter, Recombinant Proteins
from Plants: Production
and Isolation of Clinically Useful Compounds (Methods in
Biotechnology), Humana Press,
1997.
7. Bernard R. Glick and John E. Thompson, Methods in Plant
Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology, CRC Press, 1993.
8. I. Potrykus and G. Spangenberg, , Gene Transfer to Plants
(Springer Lab Manual), Springer
Verlag, 1997.
9. Peter M. Gresshoff, Plant Genome Analysis: Current Topics in
Plant Molecular Biology. CRC
Press, 1994.
10. John Hammond, Peter McGarvey, Vidadi Yusibov, Plant
Biotechnology: New Products and
Applications, Springer Verlag, 1999.
11. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology, Second Edition, by H.S.
Chawla
5.
Elective-I
BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
Practical -- Practical :
External :
Internal :
Section
I
UNIT-I
Biomedical Engineering (2)
1.1 General Introduction to Biomedical Engineering.
1.2 Applications of Engineering in Medicine
1.3 Biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue
regeneration.
1.4 Ethical consideration in Medical Research
UNIT-2:
Electrical Potentials in the human body (6)
2.1 Neuromuscular system: neurons, synapses and muscles
2.2 Electrical properties of nerves and muscles,
2.3 Problems of Neuromuscular system and diagnostics
Unit-3:
Cardiovascular System: (6)
3.1 Anatomy & physiology of heart
3.2 cardiac cycle and ECG, problems and solutions to electrical
potentials in the heart
3.3 Blood and vascular modeling,
3.4 Haemodynamics,
3.5 Vascular disease and vascular disease management,
Unit-4:
Skeletal System and Prosthetics (4)
4.1 Introduction to skeletal system
4.2 Prosthetics
Section
II
UNIT-5:
Excretory system and Dialysis: (6)
5.1 Renal anatomy & Physiology
5.2 Types of dialysis
5.3 Dialysis machines & mass transport.
UNIT-6
Biomaterials (4)
6.1 Types of Biomaterials and surface modifications.
6.2 Testing of Biomaterials in vitro and in vivo.
6.3 Implantable sensors
UNIT-7
Medical Imagining:
7.1 X-rays, design considerations of X-ray tubes, medical Image
processing – projections
7.2 3D-2D, slice identification, CAT, NMR, MRI, PET / SPECT.
UNIT-8:
Cellular engineering and Tissue Engineering (4)
8.1 Cellular Engineering applications
8.2 Tissue Engineering applications
Text
/ References:
1. J.T. Bushberg, J.A. Scibert, E.M. Leidholdt (Jr), J.M.Boone:
The Essentials
Physics of medical Imaging, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA,
2002.
2. R.B. Buxton: Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imagining:
Principals & Techniques, Cambridge Univ, Press, UK, 2002.
3. J. Enderle, S. Blanchard & J. Bronzino (Eds): Introduction
to Biomedicaql
Engineering, Academic Press 2000.
4. John G. Webster (Ed): Medical Instrumentation – Application and
Design, 3rd Ed.
John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
5. J.B.West.(Ed) Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical
Practice, 11th
Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1985.
6. Y.C. Fung: Biomechanics, Springer – Verlag, New York, 1981.
7. S.Oka: Cardiovascular Haemorheology, Cambridge University Press
1981.
5.
Elective-I
GOOD
MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
Practical -- Practical :
External :
Internal :
Section
I
UNIT
1: An Introduction to Pharmaceutical GMP (6)
Good Manufacturing Practices- Introduction, WHO guidelines on GMP
for Pharmaceutical
Products, History of Good Laboratory Practices, Quality Assurance
in Good Laboratory Practices.
UNIT
2: Quality Standards and Quality Assurance in Pharmaceutical Industries (6)
Quality standards- Advantages and Disadvantages, Concept of
Quality Control and Quality
Assurance- there functions and advantages, Quality Assurance and
Quality Management in Pharma
Industry, Customer requirement of Quality.
UNIT
3: Pharmaceutical Validation (7)
Types of Validation, Scope and Importance of Validation,
Limitations of Validation, Organization
of Validation, Elements of Validation (Q, OQ, PQ and DQ), Cleaning
Validation, Validation of
Analytical procedures as per ICH guidelines.
UNIT
4: IPR and Pharmaceutical industry (3)
Section
II
UNIT
1: Good Manufacturing Practice in Food industries (7)
Implications of cGMP and food plant sanitation. The regulation for
cGMPs. Planning of plant
sanitation program and construction factors. Hygienic design of
food plants and equipments.
Sanitation in warehousing, storage, shipping, receiving,
containers and packaging materials.
Control of rats, rodents, mice, birds, insects and microbes.
Cleaning and Disinfection: Physical, chemical and microbiological approach. 16
UNIT
2: Quality control (4)
Introduction to Quality control and total Quality control in the
food Industry. Various Quality
attributes of food such as size, shape, texture, color, viscosity
and flavor. Instrumental, chemical and microbial Quality control. Sensory
evaluation of food and statistical analysis. Food regulation and compliance.
Food inspection and Food Law.
UNIT
3: Critical Control Points in Food Industries (3)
Critical Quality control point in different stages of production
including raw materials and
processing materials. Food Quality and Quality control including
the HACCP system (Critical quality control points in different stages of
production including raw materials and processing materials).
UNIT
4: Government and Trade Standards of Quality (8)
Federal Food and Drug law, FDA action, BSTI laws, BSTI action and
activities and other Food Laws (legalization) and trade and company standard,
Control by (National, International, Social organizations, e.g., FAO, WHO,
UNICEF, CAB, Society, e.g. NSB, Professional societies).
References:
1. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs- Dr. Pulok A Mukherjee
(Business Horizons
Pharmaceutical Publishers)
2. cGMP for Pharmaceuticals – Manohar A Potdar (Pharma Med Press)
3. Validation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients-Ira R Berry
(CRC Press)
4. Guidelines on c GMP and Quality of Pharmaceutical Products-
S.Iyer (DK Publication)
5. Quality Assurance and Quality Management in Pharmaceutical
Industry- Y.Anjaneyulu
(Pharma Book Syndicate)
6. Quality assurance in Analytical Chemistry, B. W. Wenclawiak.,
M. Koch. E. Hadjicostas,
Springer. 17
5.
Elective-I
ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
Practical -- Practical :
External :
Internal :
SECTION
I
UNIT
I ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (5)
Water, air, noise and radiation (introduction, source and effects
of pollutions): Types of waste, properties, global warming.
UNIT
II METHANOGENESIS (3)
Methanogenesis-Methanogenic, acetogenic and fermentative bacterial
processes and conditions.
UNIT
III MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY (5) Microbial
diversity on earth: - extent and importance, recovery problem.
Finding New diversity, biodiversity of bacteria: level of bacterial diversity,
isolation strategies. Fungal biodiversity: - isolation and identification.
Recovering biodiversity using environmental DNA, accessing uncultured microbes.
Environmental genomics: Screening environmental libraries, barriers and
challenges.
UNIT
IV TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES (6)
Waste water characteristics; biological waste treatment; kinetic
models, unit operations, design, principle and modeling of activated sludge
process. Trickling filters, fluidized reactor, up flow anaerobic sludge blanket
reactor, contact process, packed bed reactor, hybrid reactors, sequential batch
reactors; Bioconversions of agricultural and organic waste material into
gainfully utilizable products- cellular hydrogen, food and feed stocks.
UNIT
V ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY REGULATIONS (4)
Environment Protection Act- Air, Water and Forest Conservation.
Environmental Ethics- Issues and Possible solutions.
SECTION
II
UNIT
I BIOREMEDIATION (6)
Biodegradibility: Petroleum hydrocarbons, Halocarbons,
chlorophenols, nitro
aromatics.Applicability of bioremediation-Intrinsic
bioremediation, biostimulation,
bioaugmentation (Molecular breeding, GEMs, adhesion deficient
microorganisms), application of
Bioremediation to various sites and aquifers, marine oil spills,
Metal contaminated soil.
UNIT
II BIOPROSPECTING (5)
Introduction, Sampling, Sample preparation(physical dispersion,
chemical dispersion),Cell
extraction: Immunomagnetic capture(Selective cell capture,
nonselective cell recovery),Recovery of
cells, capture of genes from environmental samples ,screening for
specific genes Vs Environmental
library construction, DNA extraction from environmental samples.
Detection of functional activity
18
in environmental samples: metabolic analysis of environmental
samples (Biolog),Sample enzyme
activity, bioprospecting for specific enzymes.
UNIT
III BIOLOGICAL CONTROL (5)
Biological control of foliar pathogens and pests with bacterial
biocontrol agents: biocontrol agents,
ecology of the plant pathogen or pest, source of antagonist,
Empirical approaches to select
biocontrol agents.
UNIT
IV BIOMARKERS AND BIOREPORTERS (5)
Use of biomarkers and bioreporters to track microbes and monitor
their Gene Expression:
Biomarker Genes: Antibiotic résistance, Heavy metal resistance,
Ice nucleation, Chromogenic
substrate cleavage enzyme, bioluminescence, GFP, Combination of
biomarker genes. Bioreporter
Genes: biomarker genes as bioreporter genes, practical
considerations of Biomarkers and
Bioreporters.
UNIT
V DELIBERATE RELEASE OF RECOMBINANT MICROORGANISMS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
(4)
Isolation of bacteria for modification and field release, Genetic
modification of candidate bacteria
suitable for field release, microcosm evaluation and field
studies, assessing efficacy, autecology and
impact.
Textbooks
/References:
1. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, II Ed.,
ASM Press Washington,
Arnold Demain and Julian Davies (2004)
2. J. Winter, Environmental Processes I-III 2nd Ed., Wiley
Publications.
Metcalf Eddy - Waste water Biotechnology.
3. Ted Munn, Encyclopaedia of Global Environmental Changes, 5 Vol.
Set
Wiley Publications.
4. Metcalf Eddy – Waste water Engineering – 3rd Ed., THM
publications.
5. R.S. Ramalho, - Introduction to Waste Water treatment.
19
5.
Elective-I
GENOMICS
AND PROTEOMICS
Hrs /week Examination Marks
Lectures 4 Theory : 100
Practicals Practical :
External :
Internal :
SECTION
I
UNIT
I
ORGANIZATION
OF THE PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC GENOMES (7)
Definition of Gene, Genome, and Genomics, Introduction to genome
databases; Genome maps and
types; current sequencing technologies; partial sequencing;
approach to gene identification; gene
prediction methods and software; Annotation of genome. REBASE,
Genome diversity; Taxonomy
and significance of genomes-bacteria, Yeast, Caenorhabditis, Arabidopsis sp., etc.
UNIT
II
HUMAN
GENOME (7)
Introduction, Mapping of Human Genome; Construction of physical
maps; Basics of radiation
hybrid maps; sequencing of the entire genome, annotation and
analysis of genome sequences;
sequence repeats, transposable elements, gene structure,
pseudogenes; gene analysis; gene order;
chromosome rearrangement; compositional analysis; clustering of
genes; composite genes;
Implications of the Human Genome Project; Single Nucleotide
Polymorphism (SNPs), detection
and its implications.
UNIT
III
DNA
MICROARRAY (6)
Introduction, steps for gene expression, concept of microarrays,
methods for gene expression; DNA
array for global expression profile; types of DNA array, array
databases; tools for microarray
analysis; soft-finder, xCluster, MADAM, SAGE, microarray design,
microarray experimentation,
fabrication computational analysis of microarray data,
applications of DNA microarray.
20
SECTION
II
UNIT
IV:
PROTEIN
AND PROTEOME ANALYSIS (5)
Protein, protein sequence information, physicochemical properties
based on sequence, Introduction
to sequence alignment; local sequence alignment and global
sequence alignment, gaps, insertion of
gap penalties, extension gap penalty, scoring matrices, PAM,
BLOSUM, useful programs.
UNIT
V:
PROTEIN
MICROARRAY (8)
Introduction, proteome, proteomics, protein separation techniques;
2D Gel electrophoresis, liquid
chromatography, affinity chromatography (for cell map proteomics);
proteome analysis; mass
spectroscopy and its uses in protein identification; MALDI-TOF-TOF,
electro spray
ionization(ESI), tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS), analysis,
tryptic digestion and fingerprinting
(PMF), expression proteomics (express profile); profiling and
diagnostics, drug target discoveries.
UNIT
VI:
PROTEIN
–PROTEIN INTERACTIONS (7)
Introduction, yeast two-hybrid, high throughput techniques for
yeast two-hybrid protein
interactions, computationally directed two hybrid screen, Phage
display, computational detection of functional linkages between proteins;
phylogenetic profile, domain fusion, gene neighbourhood, gene cluster, analysis
of genome wide protein-protein interactions in yeast, genome wide yeast two hybrid
analysis of other organisms, protein fragment complementation assay.
Textbooks/References:
1. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics-3rd edition 2003, S. B. Primerose and
R.M.Twyman, Blackwell publishing company Oxford, UK.
2. Bioinformatics; A Practical guide to the analysis of Genes and
Proteins.; Edited by
Andreas D. Baxevanis and Francis Ouellette.
3. Bioinformatics sequence and genome analysis.2nd edition, 2004, David Mount, Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press New York.
4. Introduction to proteomics tools for New Biology, 1st edition, D.C. Leibler, Humana Press,
Inc., New Jersey, USA.
5. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
6.
COMPREHENSIVE TESTS
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures --- Theory :
Practical 2/week Term Work : 50
Syllabus
of S.E.-I to B.E.-I Biotechnology Engineering.
1. Objective type question based tests are to be conducted.
2. Every week 2 hr tests for 50 marks are to be conducted.
3. Schedule of comprehensive test should be displayed at the start
of the semester.
4. Subjects from SE (Sem III) to BE (Sem VII) should be considered
for above tests.
5. Related subjects should be merged on the basis of principle
fields i.e. Microbiology,
Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Biochemical Engineering, Mathematics
etc.
6. Ten tests should be conducted in the Semester and average of
best eight tests should be
considered for final marks.
7.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
(At
the end of VI Semester)
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures --- Theory :
Practical --- Term Work : 50
The concern student should complete the 4 week training at the end
of the 6th semester. In these
four weeks, they have to work in the industries as a trainee and
submit brief report. The internal
marks shall be given on (1) Type of work carried in the industries
(2) Reports (3) Orals and/ or (4)
Written examination.
Report shall consist of:
1. History
2. Raw material
3. Process flow chart
4. Equipment details
5. Production process details
6. Pollution control aspects
7. Quality control aspects
8. Cost of Production and profits
9. Suggestions for improvement
10. Safety Aspects.
8.
PROJECT WORK
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures --- Theory :
Practical 4/week OE : 25
Term Work : 25
The
following initial work regarding the project in the first semester to be
carried out.
The students are required to carry out one of the following
projects.
1. Processes based Project: Manufacture of product.
2. Equipment based Project: Detailed design and fabrication of the
equipment for
a given capacity.
3. Experimental based Project: Experimental investigation of basic
or applied
research problem.
4. Industrial problems: Any problem or project directly related to
existing plants for
modification of process or equipment or regarding pollution
control and energy
conservation under the guidance of a staff member and/or staff
members and submit
a copy in duplicate.
Department should see that the assessment procedure should be the
same for all the students
of the class. The Project Work consists of collection of
literature, study of the various process
selection of the process, computation of material and energy
balances, process design of important
please of equipment, detailed design of one of the main equipment,
plant location and layout cost
estimation, economic analysis, details of experimental set up,
analysis of data, pollution control,
safety marketing conclusion and recommendations, bibliography,
etc., as applicable to the
individual problem.
The object of the project is to make use of the knowledge gained
by the student at various stages of
the degree course.
This helps to judge the level of proficiency, originality and
capacity for application of the
knowledge attained by the student at the end of the course.
Each group should consist of maximum 3 students, For term-work
(Internal) 25 marks, the
assessment should be by conducting frequent written tests,
seminars during the year and oral exam,
at the end of the year conducted by all the staff members of the
dept.
24
For external 25 marks, the project work should be assessed by an
oral exam to be held by at least
two examiners, one internal and one must be external invited from
other university or industry at
the end of the year.
The object of the VIVA VOCE exam. (Internal and External Orals) is
to determine whether the
objectives of the Project Wok have been met by the student as well
as to assess the originality and
initiative of the student as demonstrated in the project work.
Suggested
fields for project work
1. Fermentation based
Microbial fermentation, Animal cell fermentation, Plant cell
fermentation
Combitorial chemistry: Enzymatic processes
2. Microbial/enzymatic treatment of domestic and industrial waste
water treatment.
3. Modeling and Simulation: Microbial fermentation, Waste water
treatment, modeling
genetic regulation (genetic switches, signal transduction, mixed
cascadic systems), Insilico
microorganisms (metabolic flux analysis, elementary mode analysis
of metabolic fluxes),
Insilico mammalian/animal organs, Vertual patients (analysis by
top to bottom and bottom
top analysis)
4. Bioinformatics: Sequence homology, clustering of genes,
parametric analysis for
homology and catalytic activity of enzyme, microarray data
analysis.
5. Immunological studies: Modeling and experimental verification
of antigenantibody
interactions (steady state and dynamic modeling).
6. Metabolic Engineering and Genetic Engg. (modeling and
experimental aspects of
metabolic flux analysis for inhibitor development and planning for
genetic
mutation/deletion/strain improvement)
7. Toxicological studies: Effect of synthetic and plant extracted
active compounds
on eukaryotic organisms (Yeast and animal cells).
8. Extraction and purification techniques: Solvent/supercritical
extraction of biologically
active compounds from plants and herbs, Chromatographic
purification.
9. Nutritional analysis of local food components and linear
programming for balance diet
design for Kolhapur region.
10. Techniques development for the preservation of farmer’s
products (fruits and vegetables)
and scale-up of exiting techniques such as ozonation , γ-rays
preservation; Optimization
of long term preservation of milk by supercritical carbon dioxide.
11. Food industry: Optimization/Modification of microbial
processes of food industry,
nutritional enrichment of food products.
25
12. Production of Bioinsecticides and pesticides
13. Insect cell differentiation and development.
14. Tran differentiation of stem cells.
15. Reproductive biotechnology: Artificial reproductive
technology.
16. Trace proteins studies.
17. Biotransformation.
18. Tracer techniques for establishment of metabolic pathways.
19. Microbial desalting of sea water.
20. Microbial leaching of metals from ores.
21. Linear programming for dose design.
22. Environmental Biotechnology: Hospital waste treatment
23. Leather tanning by natural products (Amba tannin).
Shivaji
University, Kolhapur
B.E. Part – II (Biotechnology Engineering) SEM.VIII
1.
BIOSEPARATION PROCESSES
Lectures : 4 Hrs/Week Examination Marks:
Practicals : 2 Hrs Theory : 100
POE : 50
Term Work : 25
SECTION
I
UNIT
I (2)
Introduction, different sectors in Biotechnology, characterization
of biomolecules and
bioprocesses, characterization of fermentation broth, recovery in
modern versus classical
biotechnology.
UNIT
II (10)
Removal
of insolubles
Filtration
– Introduction, types of
filtration equipments, filter media and aids. Basic theory of
filtration, filtration equation for constant – pressure filtration
, filtration equation for constant rate
filtration, continuous filtration Vs batch filtration, cross flow
Vs dead end filtration, comparison of
cross flow with other competing technologies, operating
configurations, applications.
Centrifugation
– Introduction, forces
developed in centrifugal separation, Equations for rates of
settling in centrifuges, sedimentation centrifuges, filtering
centrifuges, Filtering centrifuges vs
Sedimentation centrifuges, types of centrifuges.
Cell
Disruption- Different types of Cell
walls, mechanical, physical, enzymatic, chemical methods
of disruptions, Kinetics and analysis of disruption.
UNIT
III (5)
Extraction
– Introduction, Solvent
extraction principles, extraction process, types of extraction
equipment and selection, operating modes of extraction, Aqueous
two phase extraction, Theoretical
principles of aqueous two phase extraction, Super critical fluid
extraction, Applications- Extraction
of bitter flavor, Decaffeination of coffee.
UNIT-IV
(5)
Adsorption
– Chemistry of adsorption,
adsorbents, adsorption isotherms- Linear, Freundlich,
Langmuir Isotherms. Affinity adsorption, Ion exchange adsorption.
Batch adsorption, adsorption in
continuous stirred tank, adsorption in fixed beds
27
SECTION
II
UNIT
I
Product
Isolation (8)
Precipitation
– Precipitation by salts,
organic solvents, isoelectric precipitation, precipitation by
electrolytes and non ionic polymers.
Membrane
Separation - Classification of
membranes processes, factors affecting processes,
structure and preparation of membrane, equipment, microfiltration,
ultra filtration, reverse osmosis,
dialysis, electro dialysis. application of membrane separation
processes.
UNIT
II: (8)
Product
purification Chromatographic Techniques
Principles of Chromatography – Classification of Chromatographic
methods. column
chromatography - separation based on mechanism - ion-exchange
chromatography, adsorption
chromatography , gel-filtration chromatography, hydrophobic
interaction chromatography , affinity
chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, high performance liquid
chromatography, , high
performance thin layer chromatography.
UNIT
III: (3)
Electrophoresis: Principles and types of electrophoresis and
their applications for proteins,
nucleic acids, including gradient gel and pulse-field gel
electrophoresis; gel matrices:
polyacrylamide, agarose etc.critical parameters for optimum
separation and resolution, two
dimensional electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing,
isotachophoresis.
UNIT
IVFinishing
Operations
(3)
Crystallization- Introduction, theory of crystallization,
crystallization equipment, special
consideration for fermentation processes, methods of calculation
and troubleshooting; drying:
freeze drying, formulation.
List
of Practicals: (Any 8 experiments)
1. Cell Disruption
2. Ultra filtration
3. Reverse Osmosis
4. Batch Adsorption
5. Extraction
6. Gel filtration
7. Ion exchange Chromatography
8. Vacuum Evaporation
9. Leaf Filter
10. Electrophoresis
Textbooks/
References:
1. Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals, John A. Adamovics,
2nd Edition.
2. Wilson and Golding, A Biologist’s Guide to Principles &
Techniques of practical
Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press
3. Practical Biochemistry, Principles & Techniques, Keith
Wilson and John Walker
4. Protein Purification, M.R. Lodisch, R.C. Wilson, C.C. Painton
and S.E. Builder, American
Chemical Society
5. Bioseparations, P.A.Belter, E.L.Cussler, Wei-Shou Hu Wiley
Publication
6. Bioseparation, B. Shivshanker , Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi
7. Protein Purification- Principles and Practice, Robert. K.
Scopes, Springer - Verlag New York
Inc.
8. Transport Processes and separation process principles. Christie
John Geankoplis, Prentice Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
9. Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering. Warren L. McCabe smith,
McGraw- Hill
international edition.
10. Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Hand book. Principles
Process design and
equipment, Henry C. Vogal, Celeste L. Todaro, Noyes Publication-
Westwood, new Jersey
U.S.A.
2.
BIOPROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION
Hrs
Lectures 4/week Examination Marks
Practicals 2/week Theory : 100
Term work : 25
Section
–I
UNIT-I
Introduction
to Modeling: (8)
Introduction, definition of Modeling and simulation, different
types of models- Unstructured and
structured models, Deterministic and stochastic models, Segregated
and unsegregated models,
Compartmental models (two and three), genetically structured
models.
UNIT-II
Fundamental
laws: (8)
Continuity equation, energy equation, equation of motion,
transport equation, equation of state,
Phase and chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, Model building
, application of mathematical
modeling, scope of coverage.
UNIT-III
Analysis
and optimization of process (8)
Model adaption and checking, preparing the data, parameter
determination, model checking,
simplification, validation, calibration, optimization of models,
analytical methods, and numerical methods.
Section
–II
UNIT-I
Heat
and mass transfer equipments - (6)
a) Heat exchanger
b) Distillation-continuous binary distillation, multi component
steam distillation
c) Liquid liquid extraction-single batch extraction, continuous
equilibrium stage extraction,
multistage
counter current extraction cascade.
UNIT-II
Reaction
equipments - (6)
Batch reactor, semi batch reactor, CSTR, PFR, packed bed reactor,
fluidised bed reactor.
UNIT-III
Examples
of Mathematical Models: (12)
a) Modeling of fermentations
b) Modeling for activated sludge process
c) Model for anaerobic digestion
d) Metabolic flux analysis
e) Elementary mode analysis
f) Modeling of gene regulation (Genetic switches)
Practicals
Ten practical to be conducted with the use of mathematical and
chemical engineering
software’s such as Hysys, ChemCAD, MathCAD, MATLAB etc.
Development of
Programs for numerical methods and process simulation.
Textbooks/References:
1. Luyben W.L. “Process Modelling Simulation and Control for
Chemical Engineers”
McGrawHill,1988.
2. Davis M.E., “Numerical Methods and modeling for Chemical
Engineers”, Wiley,New York,
1984.
3. Denn M.M., “Process Modelling” Wiley, New York, 1986.
4. Finalyson B.A., “Nonlinear analysis in Chemical Engineering”,
McGraw Hill,New York, 1980.
5. Chapra S.C., R.P. Canale, “Numerical Methods for Engineers”,
Tata-McGrawHill Publications.
6. Franks R.E.G., “Modeling and Simulation in Chemical
Engineering”, Wiely Instscience, NY
7. John Ingam, Irving J. Dunn., “Chemical Engineering Dynamic
Modeling with PC simulation”,
VCH Publishers.
8. Kayode Coker A., “Chemical Process Design, Analysis and
Simulation”. Gulf Publishing
Company.
9. Himmelblau D., K.B. Bischoff, “Process Analysis and
Simulation”, John wiely &Sons.
10. Wayne Blackwell, “Chemical Process Design on a Programmable
Calculator”,McGraw Hill.
11.Wayne Bequette, “Process Dynamic, Modelling, Analysis, Analysis
and Simulation.” Prentice
Hall
12. J.R. Leigh, Modeling and Control of fermentation Processes,
Peter Peregrinus, London, 1987
13. G. Francis, Modelling and Simulation
14. A. Haerder and J. A. Roels “ Application of simple structured
I Bioengineering, and P55 in
Advances In Biochemical engineering Vol21, A. Fiechts (ed) Spring
–Verlag , Berlin, 1982.
31
15. J.E. Bail ey and D.F. Ollis, Biochemical Engg Fundamentals,
1986, McGraw Hill Book
Company.
16.Harrel C and Ghosh B, Bowden R. “Simulation using promodel” ,
McGraw Hill , 2004.
17.Jiri E, Prenosil, Elmar Heinzle, John Ingham, Irving J. Dunn,
Biological reaction engineering:
Dynamic modeling fundamentals with simulation examples, science ,
London,2003.
18.Fiechter A., Ghosh T.K. ,N.Blakebrough, Advances in biochemical
engineering , Springier-
Verlag,Berlin,5th
edition,2005.
19. Elmar Heinzle,Arno P.Biwer,Charles L.Cooney,Development of
sustainable
bioprocess:modelling
and assessment,wiley Publishers,New York,6th edition, 2007.
3.
BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS
Lectures 4hr/week Examination Marks
Practicals Theory : 100
Section
–I
Unit
I (6)
Process
Design Development: design project procedure,
design information from literature,
process development, process creation, process design, flow
diagram, equipment design and
specification.
Unit
II (8)
General
design considerations: plant location, plant
layout, plant operation and control,
structural design, storage, materials handling, waste disposal,
air pollution abatement, water
pollution abatement, solid waste disposal, thermal pollution
control, health and safety.
Unit
III (6)
Flow
Sheet Synthesis and Development: general procedure for flow sheet synthesis and
development, process information, input output structure, function
diagram, operation diagram and
process flow sheets.
Unit
IV (4)
Economics
involved in selection of materials : Factors Contributing to corrosion, combating,
corrosion, properties of materials, economics involved in
selection of materials, fabrication of
equipment, plant utilities in biotech industries.
Section
II
Unit
V (6)
Interest
and Investment costs: Types
of interest, nominal and effective interest
rate, continuous interest, present worth and discount, annuities,
types of annuities.
Unit
VI (5)
Depreciation: Introduction, meaning of value, types of
depreciation, service life, salvage value,
present value, methods for determining depreciation.
Unit
VII (7)
Profitability
Analysis: Profitability standards
cost of capital, mathematical methods calculating
profitability: rate of return on investment, discounted cash flow
based on full life performance, net
present worth, capitalized cost, payout period, relationships for
continuous cash flow and
continuous interest of importance for profitability analysis.
Unit
VIII (6)
Cost
and Asset accounting: Outline
of accounting procedure, basic relationships in accounting,
the balance sheet, income statement, maintaining accounting
records, cost accounting methods
Textbooks/References:-
1. Plant Design & Economics for Chemical Engineers-M.S.Peters
& K.D.Timmerhans, McGraw
Hill, 1980.
2. A Guide to chemical Engg. Process Design & Economics” Gael
D .Ulrich, John Wiley & Sons
1934.
3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, Bailey & Ollis.
McGraw Hill Book Co. 1986.
4. Chemical Engineers Handbook 5th ed R.H. Perry& C.H.
Chilton, McGraw-Hill Book
Company.
5. Chemical Engineering, Volume 6; Third Edition by Coulson and
Richardson, Butterworth
Heinemann.
4.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Hrs
Lectures 4hr/week Examination Marks
Practicals Theory : 100
Term Work : 25
Section
I
UNIT
I
Introduction
to animal tissue culture: (1)
Historical background, cell, tissue and organ culture: advantages,
limitations, and applications,
stages in animal cell culture
UNIT
II
Design,
layout and equipments of ATC laboratory: (3)
Planning, construction, layout, essential equipments, laminar flow
hoods, co2 incubator,
microscope, centrifuge, freezer, etc. aseptic techniques,
objectives, elements, sterile handling,
safety, risk assessment, biohazards
UNIT
III
Media:
(5)
Types of media (natural and synthetic), physicochemical properties,
balanced salt solutions,
complete media, serum, serum-free media, advantages of serum-free
media, disadvantages of
serum,
UNIT
IV
Primary
cell culture: (5)
Isolation of tissue, steps involved in primary cell culture, cell
lines, nomenclature, subculture and
propagation, immortalization of cell lines, cell line
designations, routine maintenance
UNIT
V
Characterization
& quantitation techniques for cell line: (5)
Need for characterization, morphology, chromosome analysis, DNA
content, RNA and protein,
enzyme activity, antigenic markers, transformation,
immortalization, aberrant growth control,
tumorigenicity, cell counting, plating efficiency, labeling index,
generation time.
UNIT
VI
Contamination
of the cultures: (2)
Source of contamination, type of microbial contamination,
monitoring, eradication of
contamination, cross-contamination
UNIT
VII
Cytotoxicity:
(3)
Cytotoxicity, nature of cytotoxicity assay, viability assay,
microtitration assay, transformation
assay, in vitro limitations,
apoptosis, cell transformation and properties.
Section
II
UNIT
VIII (4)
Manipulation
of cultured cells and tissues.
Scale up of animal cell culture, cell synchronization, cell
transformation and properties.
UNIT
IX
Cryopreservation:
(4)
Need and advantages of cryopreservation, cell banks, transporting
cells
UNIT
X
Application
of animal culture (4)
Valuable products from cell culture, cell culture based vaccines,
somatic cell fusion and application.
Antibody Engineering, large scale purification of pharmaceutical
products.
UNIT
XI
Transgenic
and knock out animals: (4)
Methodology: embryonic stem cell method, microinjection method,
retroviral vector method
applications of transgenic and knock out animals.
UNIT
XII
In
vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: (3)
Composition of ivf media, steps involved in IVF, fertilization by
means of micro insemination,
PZD, ICSI, SUZI, MESA
UNIT
XIII (4)
Organ
and histotypic culture
Organ culture, embryo culture, histotype culture. three
dimensional culture, tissue engineering and
its importance. Stem cell culture and its importance.
UNIT
XIV
Animal
ethics (2)
Introduction to animal ethics.
Textbooks
/ References:
1. Animal Cell Culture by John R.W. Masters Oxford University
Press
2. Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture by Jennie P. Mather and
Penelope E. Roberts
Plenum Press, New York and London
3. Molecular Biotechnology: Primrose.
4. Animal Cell Biotechnology: R.E. Spier and J.B. Griffiths
(1988), Academic press EACC
handbook.
6. Culture of animal cells; a manual of basic techniques, Freshney
R. I. (1995) John Wiley and
Sons, USA
7. Textbook of biotechnology, 3rd Edition, H. K. Das, Wiley,
India.
5.
Elective-II
APPLIED
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
SECTION-I
UNIT
I (8)
Applications of genetic engineering to medicine and agriculture,
genetically engineered
biotherapeutics, Genetically modified vaccines and their
manufacturing.
Genetically modified organisms: transgenic plants, potential
applications to improve
production and food quality.
UNIT
II (8)
DNA marker technology in plants, DNA fingerprinting, Pulse field
Gel Electrophoresis,
Genetically engineered antibodies, phage display and genetic
diseases diagnosis.
UNIT
III (8)
Design of SiRNA vectors, Gene silencing, oligonuclotide synthesis,
Automated DNA
Sequencing, Human genome project applications in the other spheres
of human genome
project emphasized by selected articles.
SECTION-II
UNIT
I (8)
PCR Technology, multiplex, nested, RT PCR, Real Time, overlap,
extension and SOEing.
Applications of the PCR in the mammalian genetic engineering,
medicines and agriculture.
UNIT
II (8)
PCR in gene recombination, Deletion, recombination, addition, and
Site-specific mutagenesis.
Human gene therapy, transposons, gene targeting and DNA labeling.
UNIT
III (8)
PCR in molecular diagnostics, fidelity of DNA polymerases, Gene
Disorder, Detection of
mutation in neoplastic diseases, SSCP, AFLP, RAPD, RFLP, DGGE.
TEXT/REFERENCE
BOOKS:
1) PCR Protocols and applications (1990) Edited by M. A. Innis, D.
H. Gelfand, J. J.Sninsky,
T. J. White.
2) Genome Analysis – A practical approach (1988) Edited by K.E.
Davies selected
articles from Nature, Science, Cell etc.
3) Genome III –T. A. Brown University Press Publication (2006)
4) Molecular cloning- Volume II
Sambrook and Russell,Cold spring Harbour University Press (2002)
5) Old RW and Primrose SB, Principles of gene manipulation,
Blackwell
Scientific Publications, 1992.
6) Ansubel FM., Brent A, Kingston AE, Moore DO, Current protocols
in Molecular
Biology, Greene Publishing Associates, NY, 1988.
5.Elective-II
FOOD
AND DIARY BIOTECHNOLOGY
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
SECTION-I
(3)
UNIT
I Chemistry of food
Properties of water, determination of moisture in food.
UNIT
II Carbohydrates in food. (5)
Sources, classification, types of starch, fructans, mannas, and
Galactans. Chitins, hyluronic
acid, chondroitin sulfate, pectin, Gums, mucilage’s, sea weeds,
Polysaccharides.
Identification of carbohydrates, properties of carbohydrates.
Changes in food after processing-i) Gelatinization, ii) Browning
reaction
UNIT
III Proteins in food (4)
Sources, different types of proteins, native and denatured
properties of proteins.
Determination of proteins and amino acids, gel formation-theories,
gelatin, denatured
protein gel.
UNIT
IV Fats and oils. (4)
Sources different types of fats. Physical and chemical properties
of different types of fats.
Rancidity and reversion. Oil extraction, bleaching and
hydrogenation.
Fat products-butter, oleo oil, lard, margarine.
UNIT
V Flavor and aroma of food (2)
Taste, odor, aroma, extraction of flavor, synthetic flavoring
substances.
UNIT
VI Vitamins (fat soluble and water
soluble), Macro minerals (Calcium, Phosphate), (5)
Micro minerals –iron, iodine. Flavonoids-Sources classification,
structure properties
extraction, functions.
SECTION-II
UNIT
VII Meat and meat products (3)
Muscles, Collagen, Elastin, Cartilage and Bone, Post marteum
changes.
Cured and smoked meats, Changes in meat on cooking canned meat,
Structure color and
meat tenderness.
UNIT
VIII Poultry (2)
Egg white proteins, egg yolk, Eggs from Chick, Duck, Emu, etc.,
Composition and Nutritional.
UNIT
IX Fish and products. (3)
Fish oils, Classification, Extraction and Functions.
UNIT
X Dairy and dairy products (5)
Analysis of milk-Purity and composition. Milk and Milk Products,
Pasteurization,
Preparations Butter, Cheese-Composition unripened and ripened
cheese processed cheese.
Milk Powders.
UNIT
XI Cereals, vegetables and fruits. (6)
Texture, Processing, Pigment in fruit and vegetables, Browning
reaction enzymatic and non
Enzymatic, Dough’s, baking, batters , staling, prevention of mold
UNIT
XII Food standards (5)
HACCP and IPR
Reference:
1. Food Technology, Processing and Laboratory Control- F.Aylward.
2. Food Chemistry-Lillian land Meyer.
3. Food Microbiology- Frazier W.C., D.C. West off.
4. Food Science and Food Microbiology-Ed- Cristobal Noe Aguilar
and Efren Delgado and
Ashok Pandey.
5. Hand book of food processing Technology S.C.Bhatia, Vol-I, II
and III.
6. Outlines of Food Technology by Harry W, Von Loesecke.
7. Nutrition Science-B Srilakshmi
8. Integrated Biotechnology Vol-II.
9. Heller, Genetic Engineering of food: Detection of Genetic
Modifications wiley,
Publications.
40
10. Lel A. Et.All. Microorganisms & Fermentations N.Y
.Chemical, Rehm, Biotechnology Set
wiley Publications.
11. Keshav Trehan Biotechnology,” New Age International Pvt. Ltd.
2002.
12. Food Processing: Biotechnology Applications- Marawha S.S. Asia
Tech Publications
5. ELECTIVE-II
METABOLIC
ENGINEERING
Hrs
Lectures 4hr/week Examination Marks
Practicals Theory :100
SECTION
–I
UNIT-I
Basic concepts of metabolic engineering (4)
a) Introduction to various pathways.
b) Primary and secondary metabolites.
c) Medical and agricultural importance of secondary metabolites.
UNIT-II
Metabolic regulation (7)
Induction-jacob monod model, catabolite regulation, glucose
effect, cAMP regulation, feed
back regulation, regulation in branched pathways, differential
regulation by isoenzymes, concerted
feed back regulation, cumulative feed back regulation, energy
charge, permeability, control passive
diffusion, active transport group transportation.
UNIT-III
Metabolomics (4)
Bioinformatics for reconstruction of metabolic networks -metabolic
pathway synthesis
algorithms, examples of metabolic pathway manipulations, analyzing
databases for metabolic
pathways-KEGG
UNIT-IV
Material and energy balances (7)
Stoichiometric models and matrix representation; the chemical
reaction vector and energetic;
material and energy balances revisited; basis for simplification
of reaction; elemental balances;
component balances and the link with macroscopic measurements;
examples of construction of
elemental and component balances, thermodynamics of cellular
processes – new concepts for
quantitative bioprocess research and development.
SECTION
–II
UNIT-V
Metabolic flux analysis (10)
The theory of flux balances; Derivation of the fundamental
principle; Degree of freedom
and solution methods; Moore-Penrose inverse and Tsai-lee matrix
construction; Examples of
applications of flux analysis introduction Metabolic Control
Theory; Control coefficients; Elasticity
coefficients; Summation and connectivity theorems, Methods for
experimental determination of
metabolic fluxes by isotope labeling
UNIT-VI
Genetic regulation of metabolic flux (4)
Gene expression in response to environmental stimulus, genetic
tools for altering gene
expression
UNIT-VIII
Application of metabolic engineering (8)
Case study in pharmaceuticals, Fermentation, environmental bioremediation
Textbooks/Reference:-
1. Wang.D.I.C Cooney C.L., Demain A.L., Dunnil.P. Humphrey A.E.
Lilly M.D., Fermentation
and Enzyme Technology, John Wiley and sons 1980.
2. Stanbury P.F., and Whitaker A., Principles of Fermentation
Technology, Pergamon
Press,1984.
3. COMPUTATIONAL Modeling of Genetic and Biochemical Network, by
James M Bower & Hamid Bolouri.
4. Metabolic Flux analysis, by Valino.
5. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol-3, By Moo & Young.
6. Fundamentals of Biochemical Engg. by Baily & Olis.
7. Principles of Biochemical Engg. by Aiba & Humphery.
8. Biotechnology, by Black & Bra.
9. Zubay G., Biochemistry, Macmillan Publishers, 1989.
• http://ocw.osaka-u.ac.jp/contents/19/ME040512.pdf
• http://ocw.osaka-u.ac.jp/contents/19/ME040421.pdf
• http://ocw.osaka-u.ac.jp/contents/19/ME040526.pdf
• http://ocw.osaka-u.ac.jp/contents/19/ME040602.pdf
• http://www.bioinfo.de/isb/gcb01/poster/hurlebaus.html
How will bioinformatics influence metabolic engineering?
Biotechnol Bioeng. 1998 , Apr
20-May 5;58(2-3):162-9
10. The metabolic pathway engineering handbook, smolke CRC Press
(Taylor & Francis Group)
edited by –Christina D Smolke(2010).
5.
Elective-II
ADVANCED
BIOMATERIALS
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures 4 /week Theory : 100
SECTION-I
UNIT
I
Introduction:
(8)
Definition of biomaterials, requirements of biomaterials,
classification of biomaterials and their
applications for the human body. Comparison of properties of some
common biomaterials. Effects
of physiological fluid on the properties of biomaterials. Biological
responses (extra and intravascular
system). physical and mechanical properties of biomaterials
Surface properties of
materials, biomaterial applications and tissue engineering for
artificial organs.
UNIT
II
Biocompatibility:
(6)
Definition of biocompatibility, blood compatibility and tissue
compatibility, biomaterials-blood
(bio-fluid) interface, Surface modification for improved
compatibility.
UNIT
II
Cardiovascular
System: (10)
Biomaterials in cardiovascular System, Collagen hyaluronic acid
and other biopolymer
applications, Cardiovascular implant biomaterials: artificial
heart valves, Mechanicals and
bioprosthetic valves, materials used, criteria required for
fulfillment of physiological
functions, Vessel grafts, Endothelial cell seeding as a surface
modification of biomaterials.
Section
II
UNIT
II
Orthopedic
implant materials: (6)
temporary external fixators, Materials for reconstruction of
cartilage, ligaments and tendons, Bone
replacement and bone cement, Artificial joint replacement
UNIT
II
Ophthalmology: (7)
Anatomy and physiology of eye, Artificial cornea, contact lenses,
intraocular lenses,
artificial aqueous and artificial vitreous humour, artificial
tears, artificial tympanic membrane,
Tissue engineering and artificial organs, Properties of skin,
Wound dressings
UNIT
II
Artificial
organs: (10)
Artificial skin, facial implants, dental restorative materials,
implanted dental interfaced,
Denture resins and cements, artificial red blood cells, artificial
lung surfactants, artificial
saliva, artificial synovial fluid, dialysis membranes, artificial
liver, artificial pancreas,
biodegradable block copolymers & their applications for drug
delivery materials used for
neuronal reconstruction and regeneration.
Textbooks/
References:
1. D.L. Wise et al. (Eds.): Encyclopedic handbook of Biomaterials
and
Bioengineering (4Vols.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.
2. S. Fredrick: Biomaterials, Medical Devices & Tissue
Engineering: An Integrated
Approach. Chapman & Hall, 1994.
3. L.L. Hench, E.C. Ethridge: Biomaterials, An interfacial
Approach. Academic
Press, New York, 1982.
4. S. Frederick, H. Chrstiansen, L. Devid: Biomaterial Science and
Biocompatibility.
Springer-Verlag.
6.
SEMINAR-II
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures --- Theory :
Practical 2/week Term Work :25
The student shall deliver minimum one seminar (each 15 to 20
minutes) and submit seminar report
to the department on different technical subjects during the
semester. The assessment shall be based
on
1) Seminar.
2) Seminar reports and
3) Questions & Answers during the seminar.
The faculty member / members shall guide the students in:
1) Selecting the seminar topics.
2) Information retrieval (literature survey)
a. Source of information i.e. names of the journals, reports books
etc.
b. Searching for the information i.e. referring to chemical
abstracts etc.
3) Preparation of the seminar report as per the guidelines of
department.
4) Delivering the seminar.
7.
PROJECT WORK
Hrs Examination Marks
Lectures --- Theory :
Practical 4/week OE : 75
Term Work : 75
1. Project selected in first semester is to be continuing in
second semester.
2. Minimum two progress reports to be submit to guide through
semester.
3. Seminar on basis of project progress is to be given.
4. Evaluation on above basis marks is to be given.
5. For evaluation of external examination one external examiner is
to be invited from other
university or Industry.
Only
for repeater students / Class Improvement Students
Syllabus
for Elective -III
01.
ADVANCES IN GENETIC ENGINEERING
Hrs
Lectures 3/ week Examination Marks
Theory 100
Practical
External --
Internal –
Section
I
Unit I (07)
Applications in mammalian genetic engineering, Biopharmaceuticals,
restriction
fragment length polymorphism(RFLP), DNA fingerprinting, human gene
therapy
Unit II (07)
PCR technology, Gene amplification, inverse PCR, multiplex PCR,
RT-PCR, application of PCR in
mammalian genetic engineering.
Unit III (04)
Genetic diagnosis pulsed filed gel electrophoresis.
Oligonucleotide synthesis, automated
DNA sequencing.
Section
II
Unit I (10)
Human Genome project. Man made antibodies, phage display.
Application in other
spheres of human genome project emphasized by selected articles.
Yeast artificial
chromosome.
Unit II (08)
Genetically modified organisms: Transgenic plants; Potential
applications
to improve production and food quality
Text/Reference Books:
1) PCR Protocols and applications (1990) Edited by M. A. Innis, D.
H. Gelfand, J. J.
Sninsky, T. J. White.
2) Genome Analysis – A practical approach (1988) Edited by K.E.
Davies selected
articles from Nature, Science, Cell etc.
3) Molecular Cloning- Volume II, Sambrook and Russell, Cold spring
harbor University Press
(2002).
4) Old R W and Primrose S B, Principles of gene manipulation,
Blackwell scientific Publication,
1992.
Only
for repeater students / Class Improvement Students
B.E.
Part – II (Biotechnology)
Elective:-III
02.
GOOD PRACTICES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Hrs
Lectures 3 Examination Marks
Practical -- Theory 100
Practical
External --
Internal
Section
I
• EC structure and tools
• Biotechnology and the law: summary of some current legislation
in fore / Cartagna
Protocol 1989 EDA rules.
• Good laboratory practice
• Guidelines for Microbial and animal cell cultivation.
• Safety and the genetic manipulation of organisms
• Scientific procedure using animals
• Radiation health and safety
Section
II
• Patents and biotechnology
• Applying for marked authorization for medical products
• Manufacture and evaluation of medicinal products product
• Regulation of biotechnology in the food industry
• A general comment on the biotechnological production of
chemicals other then medicines
and food ingredients.
Reference
Books:
1) Compendium of Good Practices in Biotechnology, BIOTOL series
2) Patent Strategy for Researchers and research managers – Knight,
Wiley Publications.
3) Role of Patent and Patent information in Biotechnology
inventions – Document of the
international Bureau of world Intellectual Prosperity organization
-1994
4) D. A. Shapton and R.G Board, 'Safety in Microbiology,' Academic
Press, London, 1972.
Equivalence
of subject of B. E. Part I & II
[Biotechnology]
under the Faculty of Engineering and
Technology
Part
I
Sr.
No.
B.E.
Part I Pre-revised B.E. Part I Revised
1 Bioreaction Engineering Bioreaction Engineering
2 Industrial Organization and
Management
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
3 Bioprocesses Bioprocesses
4 Protein Engineering Protein Engineering
5 Elective-I Elective- I
6 Seminar Comprehensive tests (On all subjects from
S.E.to B.E.-I)
7 Industrial Practices Industrial training at end of 6th Semester
(4Week)
8 Project Work Project Work
Part
II
Sr.No. B.E. Part II Pre-revised B.E. Part II Revised
1 Bioseparation Processes Bioseparation Process
2 Bioprocess Engineering and Economics Bioprocess Engineering
& Economics
3 Bioprocess Modeling and Simulation Bioprocess Modeling and
Simulation
4 Elective-II Elective- II
5 Elective-III #Advances in Genetic Engineering
#Good Practices in Biotechnology
6 Project Work Project Work
#
Only for repeater students / Class Improvement Students
