RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
1.Research:
a) Types, Research process and steps in it, Hypothesis, Research proposals and aspects.
b) Research Design: Need, Problem Definition, variables, research design concepts,
Literature survey and review, Research design process, Errors in research.
c) Research Modeling: Types of Models, Model building and stages, Data consideration
and testing, Heuristic and Simulation modeling.
d) Report Writing: Pre writing considerations, Thesis writing, Formats of report writing,
Formats of publications in Research journals.
2. Design of Experiments:
a) Objectives, strategies, Factorial experimental design, Designing engineering
experiments, basic principles‐replication, randomization, blocking, Guidelines for design
of experiments.
b) Single Factor Experiment: Hypothesis testing, Analysis of Variance components
(ANOVA) for fixed effect model; Total, treatment and error of squares, Degrees of
freedom, Confidence interval; ANOVA for random effects model, Estimation of variance
components, Model adequacy checking.
c) Two factor Factorial Design, Basic definitions and principles, main effect and
interaction, response surface and contour plots, General arrangement for a two‐factor
factorial design; Models‐Effects, means and regression, Hypothesis testing.
3. Computer Applications :
a. Spreadsheet Tool: Introduction to spreadsheet application, features and functions,
Using formulas and functions, Data storing, Features for Statistical data analysis,
Generating charts/ graph and other features. Tools used may be Microsoft Excel,
Open office or similar tool.
b. Presentation Tool: Introduction to presentation tool, features and functions,
Creating presentation, Customizing presentation, Showing presentation. Tools
used may be Microsoft Power Point, Open Office or similar tool.
c. Web Search: Introduction to Internet, Use of Internet and WWW, Using search
engine like Google, Yahoo etc, Using advanced search techniques.
References:
1. Montgomery, Douglas C. (2007), 5/e, Design and Analysis of Experiments, ( Wiley India)
2. Montgomery, Douglas C. & Runger, George C. (2007), 3/e, Applied Statistics & Probability
for Engineers (Wiley India)
3. Kothari C.K. (2004), 2/e, Research Methodology‐ Methods and Techniques ( New Age
International, New Delhi)
4. Krishnaswamy, K.N., Sivakumar, Appa Iyer and Mathiranjan M. (2006), Management
Resarach Methodology; Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques ( Pearson
Education, New Delhi)
5. The complete reference Office Xp – Stephan L. Nelson, Gujulia Kelly (TMH)
6. Basic Computer Science and Communication Engineering – R. Rajaram (SCITECH)
7. Book for Open Office.
EXAMINATION SCHEME FOR THE PRE-PH.D. COURSE WORK FOR THE FACULTY
OF ENGG. & TECH.
1. Examination Scheme:
a) The question paper will be of 100 marks.
b) There will be five questions of twenty marks each. All the five questions shall be
compulsory.
c) The pattern of the question paper shall be as follows.
2. Evaluation Scheme:
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Syllabus For PHARMACY Pre Ph.D. Coursework
RESEARCH METHODOLGY
1. Research:
1.1 Definition of research, Applications of research and types, Research process and steps in it,
Deductive and inductive reasoning; Validity-conclusion, internal, construct and external.
1.2 Literature review- Need, Procedure- Search for existing literature, Review the literature
selected, Develop a theoretical and conceptual framework, Writing up the review, Formulating a
research problem: Sources, Considerations, Steps in formulation of a problem, formulation of
objectives, Definition of variables – Concepts, indicators and variables, Types of variables, Types
of measurement scales, Constructing the Hypothesis- Null(Research) and alternative, one-tailed
and two-tailed, Hypothesis testing, errors in testing.
1.3 Research Modeling: Types of Models, Model building and stages, Data consideration and
testing, Heuristic and Simulation modeling, Data collection methods, Surveys-types and method
selection.
2. Research Design:
2.1 Design of Experiments: Objectives, strategies, Factorial experimental design, Designing
engineering experiments, basic principles- replication, randomization, blocking, Guidelines for
design of experiments, Simple Comparative Experiments-Basic statistical concepts, random
variable, sample mean and variance, degrees of freedom, standard normal distribution, statistical
hypothesis, Two sample t-test, P-value, Confidence Intervals, Paired comparisons,
2.2 Single Factor Experiment: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for fixed effect model; Total
treatment and error sums of squares, Decomposition of total sum of squares, ANOVA for
Randomized complete block design to control effects of nuisance factors.
2.3 Two factor Factorial Design: Basic definitions and principles, main effect and interaction,
response surface and contour plots, General arrangement for a two-factor factorial design; Models-
Effects, means and regression.
2.4 Taguchi Techniques for Experimental Design: Taguchi loss function, Average loss,
nominal-the-best, smaller-the-best, larger-the-best, design process steps, selection of factors
affecting- methods, factor levels, Test strategies- Full factorial experiment, fractional factorial
experiment, Orthogonal arrays and their selection; Parameter Design- Control and noise factors
and parameter design, signal to noise ratio, types, parameter design strategy, tolerance design,
robust design.
3. Research Proposal: Contents-Preamble, the problem, objectives, hypothesis to be tested, study
design, setup, measurement procedures, analysis of data, organization of report; Displaying datatables,
graphs and charts, Writing a research report- Developing an outline, Key elements-
Objective, Introduction, Design or Rationale of work, Experimental Methods, Procedures,
Measurements, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Referencing and various formats for reference
writing of books and research papers, Report Writing- Prewriting considerations, Thesis writing,
Formats of report writing, Formats of publications in Research journals
4. Drug Regulatory Affairs: Indian Patent Act 1970, its amendments, concepts of IPR, criteria for
granting patents and filing a Indian patent, PCT, Patent infringement. INDA/NDA/ANDA filing. Para-
I, II, III, IV filing. Hatch-Waxman amendments. Introduction to Patent Search. OECD guidelines for
chemical testing pertaining to use as drug, related substances, excipients, toxicity, etc. WHO guidelines
for standardization of raw material and finished products including herbal products.
5. Pharmaceutical Analysis: Principles and applications of the following: Absorption spectroscopy
(UV, visible and IR). Principles of NMR, ESR, Mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and
different chromatographic techniques and methods, Thermal Techniques.
6. Computational Analysis and Its Applications In Pharmaceutical Sciences:
Introduction to the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, computational and
statistical techniques for data analysis. Applications of computational analysis in prediction of
protein structure, modelling biological systems like ion channels and biomembranes, predicting
ADME of drugs and drug like substances, predicting toxicity of xenobiotics/drugs, predicting
protein – biomolecule interactions, predicting protein/receptor-ligand interactions, predicting
polymer-drug interactions, etc. Introduction to molecular design and modelling softwares,
computational genomics, bioinformatics, health informatics, cheminformatics, metabolic network
modelling, enzyme-network modelling, graphics processing unit for molecular simulations,
biomedical imagery and high troughput image analysis. Applications of Microsoft excel for
quantitative and statistical data analysis.
References:
Central Drugs Standard Control Organization http://cdsco.nic.in/
http://www.patentoffice.nic.in/
http://www.ignou.ac.in/schools/sos/ipr_web2/IPR_Awareness/Web%20pages/UNIT%204.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
www.pci.nic.in/contents.htm
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/9/11/33663321.pdf
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/special/testtubetopatient/studies.html
http//www.fda.gov/cder/about/smallbiz/faq
Available at: http//www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo
http//www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/generic_info/generics_question_brochure
Ranjit Kumar, (2006), Research Methodology- A Step-By-Step Guide for Beginners, (Pearson
Education, Delhi) ISBN: 81-317-0496-3
Trochim, William M.K., (2003), 2/e, Research Methods, (Biztantra, Dreamtech Press, New Delhi),
ISBN: 81-7722-372-0
Montgomery, Douglas C. (2007), 5/e, Design & Analysis of Experiments, (Wiley India)
Montgomery, Douglas C., & Runger, George C. (2007), 3/e, Applied Statistics & Probability for
Engineers, (Wiley, India)
Kothari, C.K., (2004), 2/e, Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, (New Age
International, New Delhi)
Ross, Philip J. (1996), 2/e, Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering, (McGraw Hill, NY)
Besterfield, Dale H. (2005), 3/e, Total Quality Management, (Pearson Education, New Delhi)
Krishnaswamy, K. N., Sivakumar, Appa Iyer and Mathirajan, M. (2006), Management Research
Methodology: Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques (Pearson Education, New Delhi).
EXAMINATION SCHEME FOR THE PRE-PH.D. COURSE WORK FOR THE FACULTY
OF ENGG. & TECH.
1. Examination Scheme:
a) The question paper will be of 100 marks.
b) There will be five questions of twenty marks each. All the five questions shall be
compulsory.
c) The pattern of the question paper shall be as follows.
Q. 1. Objective questions of multiple choice type.
20 questions to be answered out of 25 (13 of 25 the questions will be based on Research
Methodology (RM) and remaining 12 based on quantitative techniques (QT) and computer
applications (CA).)
Q. 2. Short answers type questions (any four out of six)
a), b) & c) based on R. M.
d), e) & f) based on QT & CA
Q. 3. Long answer type questions (any two out of four)
a) & b) based on R.M.
c) & d) based on QT & CA
Q. 4. Preparation of any suitable research proposal
(Detailed Scheme)
Q. 5. Short notes (any two out of four)
2. Evaluation Scheme:
a) The answer papers will be assessed independently by two examiners - one internal and the
other external.
b) The candidate must obtain minimum an average of 40 % marks to qualify in the course
work.
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