G-3 Indian Public Finance
S-3 International Economics
S-4
Quantitative Techniques and Project work (only for Internal Students)
Quantitative Techniques (only for External Students)
BOARD OF STUDIES IN ECONOMICS
T.Y.B.A. (ECONOMICS) Revised Syllabus Committee
1. Prof. Tanpure M.D. – Chairman, Board of Studies in Economics
2. Prof. Dr. Bhong G.L. – Co-ordinator & Member, Board of Studies in Economics
3. Prof. Dr. Dangat N.R.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
4. Prof. Sowani S. V. – Member, Board of Studies in Economics
5. Prof. Kadam D.S.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
6. Prof. Dr. Datir R. K. - Member, Board of Studies in Economics
7. Prof. Dr. Ahvad Suhas.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
8. Prof. Kolhe R.G.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
9. Prof. Dr. Khatke- Spl. Invitee, Gadhinglag
10. Mr. Milind Alwani.- Spl. Invitee, Pune
11. Prof. Jadhav Apeksha - Spl. Invitee, Hadapsar
12. Dr. Dilip Arjune - Spl. Invitee, Jalana
13. Dr. Pushpa Rande - Spl. Invitee, Pune
14. Dr. Madhu Satam- Spl. Invitee, Pune
15. Prof. Manjushri Musmade - Spl. Invitee, Pune
2
T.Y. B.A Economics
General Paper- III
G3 : Indian Public Finance
(From June 2010)
Revised Syllabus
PREAMBLE
Role and functions of the Government in an economy have been changing with the
passage of time. The term ‘Public Finance’ has traditionally been applied to the package of those
policies and operations which involve the use of tax and expenditure measures while budgetary
policy is an important part to understand the basic problems of use of resources, distribution of
income, etc. There are vast array of fiscal institutions — tax systems, expenditure programmes,
budgetary procedures, stabilization instruments, debt issues, levels of government, etc., which
raise a spectrum of issues arising from the operation of these institutions. Further, the existence of
externalities, concern for adjustment in the distribution of income and wealth, etc. require
political processes for their solution in a manner which combines individual freedom and justice.
Section I
1 Public Finance
1.1 Meaning, Nature, Scope and Importance of Public Finance
1.2 Private Finance and Public Finance
1.3 Principle of Maximum Social Advantage- Dr. Dalton
2. Public Expenditure
2.1 Meaning and Principle of Public Expenditure
2.2 Classification of Public Expenditure
2.3 Trends in Public Expenditure
2.4 Causes of Growth of Public Expenditure
2.5 Effects of Public Expenditure
3.Public Revenue
3.1 Source of Public Revenue
3.2 Objectives of Taxation
3.3 Concepts- Impact of Tax, incidence of Tax, Shifting of Tax and Taxable
capacity
3.4 Indian Tax Structure- Classification of Taxes, Features & Defects of
Indian Tax System.
4. Public Debt
4.1 Meaning and Types of Public Debt
4.2 Sources of internal and external Public Debt
4.3 Effects of Public Debt
4.4 Methods of Repayment
Section II
5. Budget
5.1 Meaning, Revenue and Capital Budget
5.2 Surplus, Deficit and Balance Budget.
5.3 Preparation of Indian Central Budget
5.4 Concept of Deficit - Revenue, Fiscal, Primary
5.5 Gender Budget
3
6. Deficit Financing
6.1 Meaning, Objectives and Causes
6.2 Deficit finance since 1991
6.3 Effects of Deficit Financing
7. Centre-State Financial Relationship
7.1 Constitutional Provisions
7.2 Recommendation of 12th and 13th finance Commission
7.3 Centre- State Conflict
8. Fiscal Policy
8.1 Meaning and Objectives of Fiscal Policy
8.2 Review of Fiscal Policy since 1991.
BACIC READING LIST
· Jha R.(1998) Modern Public Economics, Routledge London
· Bhargavre, P.K. (1984) some Aspects of Indian Public Finance, Uppal Publishing
House New Delhi
· Government of India (1985) Long Term Fiscal Policy, New Delhi
· Government of India (1992) Reports of the tax Reforms committee- interim and
Final, (chairman: Raja J. Chelliah)
· Srivastava, D.K. (Ed) (2000) Fiscal Federalism in India, Har-Anand Publication,
Ltd. New Delhi.
· Datt,R(Ed)(2001), second Generation Economics Reforms in India, Deep and
Deep Publications, New Delhi
· Bhatia H.L.(1984) Public Finance, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi
ADDITIONAL READING LIST :-
· Musgrave and Musgrave , (1989) Public Finance in Theory and Practice Mc
Graw- Hill International Edition
· Tyagi B.P. (1992-93), Public Finance, jai Prakash Nath Co. Meerat, U.P.
4
T.Y. B.A. Economics
Special paper III
(S3) INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
(From June 2010)
Revised Syllabus
PREAMBLE
This course provides the students a thorough understanding and deep knowledge
about the basic principles that tend to govern the free flow of trade in goods and services
at the global level. The contents of the Paper, spread over various modules, lay stress both
on theory and applied nature of the subject that have registered rapid changes during the
last decade. Besides this, the contents prepare the students to know the impact of free
trade and tariffs on the different sectors of the economy as well as at the macro level. The
students would also be well trained about the rationale of recent changes in the exportimport
policies of India. This paper has become relatively more relevant from the policy
point of view under the present waves of globalization and liberalization both in the North
and in the South.
Section I
1 Introduction
1.1 International economics- meaning , Scope & Importance
1.2 Inter-regional and international trade
1.3 Importance of International Trade
2 Theories of International Trade
2.1 Theory of absolute cost advantage,
2.2 Theory of Comparative cost advantage
2.3 Heckscher-Ohlin theory
2.4Recent Development-Rybczynski theorm, Leontief’s paradox,
Intra-Industry Trade
3 : Gains from Trade
3.1 Measurement of gains, static and Dynamic gains
3.2 Terms of trade – Importance & types
3.3 Detrainment’s of Terms of trade
3.4 Causes of unfavorable terms of trade to less developed countries.
4 : Trade policy & Exchange Rate
4.1 Free trade policy - case for and against
4.2 Protections – case for and against
4.3 Types of tariffs and quotas
4.4 Determination of Exchange rate
4.5 Fixed & flexible Exchange Rate- merits & Demerits
Section II
5 : Balance of Payments
5.1 Balance of trade and Balance of payments;- Concepts and components
5.2 Equilibrium and disequilibrium in balance of payments; causes and
consequences
5.3 Measures to correct deficit in the balance of payments.
5
6 International monetary system
6.1 Devaluation; - merits, demerits and limitations
6.2 Foreign trade multiplier; - Concept and Limitations
6.3 IMF, World Bank – objectives, Functions & performance
7 : Foreign Trade in India
7.1 Recent changes in the composition and direction of foreign trade;
7.2 Causes and effects of persistent deficit in the balance of payments;
7.3 Measures adopted by the government to correct the deficit after 1991;
7.5 WTO & India
8. Export Promotion measures
8.1 Partial and full convertibility of Indian rupees
8.2 Export promotion – contribution of SEZ
8.3 Foreign Trade policy 2009
8.4 Role of multinational corporations in India.
BASIC READING LIST
1. Kenan, P.B. (1994), The International Economy, Cambridge University Press,
London.
2. Kindlberger, C.P. (1973), International Economics, R.D. Irwin, Homewood.
3.Krugman, P.R. and M. Obstgeld (1994), International Economics : Theory and
Policy, Glenview, Foresman.
4. Salvatore, D.L. (1997), International Economics, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle
River, N.J.
5. Sodersten, Bo (1991), International Economics, Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
ADDITIONAL READING LIST
1. Bhagwati, J. (Ed.) (1981), International Trade, Selected Readings, Cambridge
University Press, Mass.
2. Greenaway, D. (1983), International Trade Policy, Macmillan Publishers Ltd.,
London.
3. Joshi V. and I.M.D. Little (1998), India’s Economic Reforms, 1999-2001,
Oxford University Press, Delhi.
4. Panchmukhi, V.R. (1978), Trade Policies of India : A Quantitative Analysis,
Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
5. Patel, S.J. (1995), Indian Economy Towards the 21st Century, University Press
Ltd., India.
6
T.Y. B.A. Economics
Special paper IV
(S4) Quantitative Techniques and Project Work
(From June 2010)
Only for Internal Students
Revised Syllabus
Preamble
The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of
mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and
analyze economic problems. The emphasis of this paper is on understanding economic
concepts with the help of mathematical methods rather than learning mathematics itself.
Hence in this paper a student will be initiated into various economic concepts, which are
amenable to mathematical treatment. The paper also deals with simple tools and
techniques, which will help a student in data collection, presentation, analysis and
drawing inferences about various statistical hypotheses.
Section I
1. Introduction to quantitative techniques:-
1.1- Equations- Linear and simultaneous - Problems related to supply, demand
and price determination.
1.2 - Concept of ratio, proportion and percentage : related problems.
1.3- Calculations of simple interest - principal amount, rate of interest, period -
problems
1.4- Calculations of compound interest - principal amount, period, rate of interest
(half yearly and yearly)- problems
2 - Measures of Central tendency:
2.1- Arithmetic mean - meaning, merits and demerits, Computation of arithmetic
mean of ungrouped and groupeddata, frequency distribution.
2.2- Median - meaning, merits and demerits, Computation of median with
ungrouped data and continuous frequency distribution.
2.3 - Mode- Meaning, Merits and demerits.
3.Introduction to Basic statistics:
3.1- Collection of data – Primary & Secondary.
3.2- Classification of data: - Frequency distribution, cumulative frequencies,
Meaning of class boundaries, midpoint, class width.
3.3 - Tabulation of data: Importance of tabulation, parts of the table, one way and
two way tables.
Section II
4.Research Technique
4.1 Research- Meaning & Types
4.2 Choice of Problems
4.3 Objectives of Study
4.5 Hypothesis- Definition, formulation
4.6 Sampling – Types
5 - Report writing -
5.1 - Objectives and characteristics of a good report.
5.2 - Steps of report writing.
7
Project work & Evaluation scheme
1. Term end examination of 60 marks shall be held at the end of the first term.
2. Candidate shall submit a report of minimum 3000 words i.e. 10 to 15 pages to the
department by end of the February.
3. A viva-voce should be conducted before theory examination and the results
should be sent to the University as immediately
4. The result should be prepared as follows:
a) 60 marks of term end examination converted in to 20 marks
b) 50 marks Annual examination for 2 hours conducted by University of Pune
Equal weightage for all topics
c) 30 Marks exam should be conducted by the department 20 marks for Project
work & 10 marks Viva-voce exam.
READING LIST :-
· Wilkinson and Bhandarkar - Methodology and Techniques of Social
research -Pauline, Young - Scientific Social Surveys and Research
· Goode and Hatt - Methods in Social Surveys and Research
· Krishnaswamy K.N. and Appa lyer Sivakumar (2009): Management
Research Methodology, Pearson Education Publication,. N.Delhi .
· Sharma Prasad and Satyanarayana (ed) Research Methods in Social
Sciences
· Moser and Kalton - Survey Methods in Social Investigations
· Sadhu and Singh - Research Methodology in Social Sciences
· Kurein C. T. A guide to research in Economics.
· Devendra Thakur - Research Methodology in Social Sciences
· Basotia G.R. Sharma K.K.- Research Methodology.
ADDITIONAL READING LIST :-
· Allen, T. Harrell (1978) New Methods in Social Science Research. New
York;Praeges Publishes.
· Wilkinson and Bhandarkar – Methodology and Techniques of Social
Research.
· Pauline Young : Scientific Social survey and Research
· Moser and Kalton : Survey methods in Social Investigations.
· ja.fa. paTIla va ko.jao. pzaNa pI. jao tamhNakr : Aqa-Saas~Iya saMSaaoQanaacaI taoMDAaoLK
· gau$naaqa naaqagaaoMDo : saamaaijak saMSaaoQana pQdtI.
· p`idp Aagalaavao : saMSaaoQana pQdtI Saas~ va tM~.
· Pau.la.BaaMDarkr : saamaaijak saMSaaoQana pQdtI
8
T.Y. B.A. Economics
Special paper IV
(S4) Quantitative Techniques
(From June 2010)
Revised Syllabus
Only for External Students
Preamble
The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of
mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and
analyze economic problems. The emphasis of this paper is on understanding economic
concepts with the help of mathematical methods rather than learning mathematics itself.
Hence in this paper a student will be initiated into various economic concepts, which are
amenable to mathematical treatment.
1 Basic concept
1.1 Variables, sets, Functions, Equations, identities,
1.2 Systems of equations,
1.3 Application of straight line system,
1.4 Slope of the line,
1.5 Homogeneous functions.
2 Calculus
2.1 Differentiation of a function.
2.2 Maxima and minima
2.3 Elasticity’s, Equilibrium of a firm, and consumer,
2.4 Inter relationships among total marginal and average cost and revenues,
2.5 Constrained optimization problem,
2.6 Integration of function consumer’s and producer’s surplus.
3 Matrix Determinants.
3.1 Various types of Matrices,
3.2 Determinants, inverse of matrix.
3.3 Crammer’s rules, impute-output analysis,
3.4 Simple static modes, Linkages,
3.5 Concept of linear programming graphic method.
4 Introductions to Statistics
4.1 Basic concepts- Population, Sample, Parameter, Frequency Distribution,
4.2 Cumulative frequency Graphic and diagrammatic representation of data,
4.3 Techniques of data collection. Primary and secondary data.
4.4 Sampling vs population
9
Section II
5 Central Tendency and Dispersion.
5.1 Measures of central tendency, mean, median, mode, Geometric mean and
Harmonic mean.
5.2 Measures of dispersion, Range, mean deviation, Standard deviation,
coefficient of variation, quartile deviation, skewness and Kurtosis.
6 Correlation and Regression.
6.1 Correlation Sample, coefficient of correlation Karl Person & Rank Correlation
Partial and multiple correlation
6.2. Analysis. Regression, analysis Estimation of regression
6.3 Line in a Woivariate distribution least squares method interpretation of
regression coefficients.
7 Time Series and Index Numbers.
7.1 Time series analysis concept and components.
7.2 Determination of regular, trend and seasonal indices
7.3 Index number concept, Price relative quantity relative value relative,
7.4 Laspeyer’s Passche’s and Fisher Family budget method.
7.5 Problems in the construction and limitations of index numbers,
7.6 Tests for ideal index number.
8 Probability.
8.1 Probability - concept
8.2 Rules of Probability (Addition and Multiplication)
READING LIST :-
1. Allan R.G.D: Mathematical Analysis of Economists Macmillan Press, London
2. Black J. & J.F. Bradley: Essential Mathematics for Economists, John Wiley and Sons
3. Chiang A.C.Fundamental Methods of mathematics. McGraw Hill New Delhi
4. Croxtion F.D.: Applied General Statistics, Prentice hall, New Delhi.
5. Gupta S.C. and Kapoor V.K. (1993) Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S.Chand and
Sons, New Delhi.
6. Speigal M.R.: (1992) Theory and problems of Statistics. McGraw Hill, London.
S-3 International Economics
S-4
Quantitative Techniques and Project work (only for Internal Students)
Quantitative Techniques (only for External Students)
BOARD OF STUDIES IN ECONOMICS
T.Y.B.A. (ECONOMICS) Revised Syllabus Committee
1. Prof. Tanpure M.D. – Chairman, Board of Studies in Economics
2. Prof. Dr. Bhong G.L. – Co-ordinator & Member, Board of Studies in Economics
3. Prof. Dr. Dangat N.R.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
4. Prof. Sowani S. V. – Member, Board of Studies in Economics
5. Prof. Kadam D.S.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
6. Prof. Dr. Datir R. K. - Member, Board of Studies in Economics
7. Prof. Dr. Ahvad Suhas.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
8. Prof. Kolhe R.G.- Member, Board of Studies in Economics
9. Prof. Dr. Khatke- Spl. Invitee, Gadhinglag
10. Mr. Milind Alwani.- Spl. Invitee, Pune
11. Prof. Jadhav Apeksha - Spl. Invitee, Hadapsar
12. Dr. Dilip Arjune - Spl. Invitee, Jalana
13. Dr. Pushpa Rande - Spl. Invitee, Pune
14. Dr. Madhu Satam- Spl. Invitee, Pune
15. Prof. Manjushri Musmade - Spl. Invitee, Pune
2
T.Y. B.A Economics
General Paper- III
G3 : Indian Public Finance
(From June 2010)
Revised Syllabus
PREAMBLE
Role and functions of the Government in an economy have been changing with the
passage of time. The term ‘Public Finance’ has traditionally been applied to the package of those
policies and operations which involve the use of tax and expenditure measures while budgetary
policy is an important part to understand the basic problems of use of resources, distribution of
income, etc. There are vast array of fiscal institutions — tax systems, expenditure programmes,
budgetary procedures, stabilization instruments, debt issues, levels of government, etc., which
raise a spectrum of issues arising from the operation of these institutions. Further, the existence of
externalities, concern for adjustment in the distribution of income and wealth, etc. require
political processes for their solution in a manner which combines individual freedom and justice.
Section I
1 Public Finance
1.1 Meaning, Nature, Scope and Importance of Public Finance
1.2 Private Finance and Public Finance
1.3 Principle of Maximum Social Advantage- Dr. Dalton
2. Public Expenditure
2.1 Meaning and Principle of Public Expenditure
2.2 Classification of Public Expenditure
2.3 Trends in Public Expenditure
2.4 Causes of Growth of Public Expenditure
2.5 Effects of Public Expenditure
3.Public Revenue
3.1 Source of Public Revenue
3.2 Objectives of Taxation
3.3 Concepts- Impact of Tax, incidence of Tax, Shifting of Tax and Taxable
capacity
3.4 Indian Tax Structure- Classification of Taxes, Features & Defects of
Indian Tax System.
4. Public Debt
4.1 Meaning and Types of Public Debt
4.2 Sources of internal and external Public Debt
4.3 Effects of Public Debt
4.4 Methods of Repayment
Section II
5. Budget
5.1 Meaning, Revenue and Capital Budget
5.2 Surplus, Deficit and Balance Budget.
5.3 Preparation of Indian Central Budget
5.4 Concept of Deficit - Revenue, Fiscal, Primary
5.5 Gender Budget
3
6. Deficit Financing
6.1 Meaning, Objectives and Causes
6.2 Deficit finance since 1991
6.3 Effects of Deficit Financing
7. Centre-State Financial Relationship
7.1 Constitutional Provisions
7.2 Recommendation of 12th and 13th finance Commission
7.3 Centre- State Conflict
8. Fiscal Policy
8.1 Meaning and Objectives of Fiscal Policy
8.2 Review of Fiscal Policy since 1991.
BACIC READING LIST
· Jha R.(1998) Modern Public Economics, Routledge London
· Bhargavre, P.K. (1984) some Aspects of Indian Public Finance, Uppal Publishing
House New Delhi
· Government of India (1985) Long Term Fiscal Policy, New Delhi
· Government of India (1992) Reports of the tax Reforms committee- interim and
Final, (chairman: Raja J. Chelliah)
· Srivastava, D.K. (Ed) (2000) Fiscal Federalism in India, Har-Anand Publication,
Ltd. New Delhi.
· Datt,R(Ed)(2001), second Generation Economics Reforms in India, Deep and
Deep Publications, New Delhi
· Bhatia H.L.(1984) Public Finance, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi
ADDITIONAL READING LIST :-
· Musgrave and Musgrave , (1989) Public Finance in Theory and Practice Mc
Graw- Hill International Edition
· Tyagi B.P. (1992-93), Public Finance, jai Prakash Nath Co. Meerat, U.P.
4
T.Y. B.A. Economics
Special paper III
(S3) INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
(From June 2010)
Revised Syllabus
PREAMBLE
This course provides the students a thorough understanding and deep knowledge
about the basic principles that tend to govern the free flow of trade in goods and services
at the global level. The contents of the Paper, spread over various modules, lay stress both
on theory and applied nature of the subject that have registered rapid changes during the
last decade. Besides this, the contents prepare the students to know the impact of free
trade and tariffs on the different sectors of the economy as well as at the macro level. The
students would also be well trained about the rationale of recent changes in the exportimport
policies of India. This paper has become relatively more relevant from the policy
point of view under the present waves of globalization and liberalization both in the North
and in the South.
Section I
1 Introduction
1.1 International economics- meaning , Scope & Importance
1.2 Inter-regional and international trade
1.3 Importance of International Trade
2 Theories of International Trade
2.1 Theory of absolute cost advantage,
2.2 Theory of Comparative cost advantage
2.3 Heckscher-Ohlin theory
2.4Recent Development-Rybczynski theorm, Leontief’s paradox,
Intra-Industry Trade
3 : Gains from Trade
3.1 Measurement of gains, static and Dynamic gains
3.2 Terms of trade – Importance & types
3.3 Detrainment’s of Terms of trade
3.4 Causes of unfavorable terms of trade to less developed countries.
4 : Trade policy & Exchange Rate
4.1 Free trade policy - case for and against
4.2 Protections – case for and against
4.3 Types of tariffs and quotas
4.4 Determination of Exchange rate
4.5 Fixed & flexible Exchange Rate- merits & Demerits
Section II
5 : Balance of Payments
5.1 Balance of trade and Balance of payments;- Concepts and components
5.2 Equilibrium and disequilibrium in balance of payments; causes and
consequences
5.3 Measures to correct deficit in the balance of payments.
5
6 International monetary system
6.1 Devaluation; - merits, demerits and limitations
6.2 Foreign trade multiplier; - Concept and Limitations
6.3 IMF, World Bank – objectives, Functions & performance
7 : Foreign Trade in India
7.1 Recent changes in the composition and direction of foreign trade;
7.2 Causes and effects of persistent deficit in the balance of payments;
7.3 Measures adopted by the government to correct the deficit after 1991;
7.5 WTO & India
8. Export Promotion measures
8.1 Partial and full convertibility of Indian rupees
8.2 Export promotion – contribution of SEZ
8.3 Foreign Trade policy 2009
8.4 Role of multinational corporations in India.
BASIC READING LIST
1. Kenan, P.B. (1994), The International Economy, Cambridge University Press,
London.
2. Kindlberger, C.P. (1973), International Economics, R.D. Irwin, Homewood.
3.Krugman, P.R. and M. Obstgeld (1994), International Economics : Theory and
Policy, Glenview, Foresman.
4. Salvatore, D.L. (1997), International Economics, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle
River, N.J.
5. Sodersten, Bo (1991), International Economics, Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
ADDITIONAL READING LIST
1. Bhagwati, J. (Ed.) (1981), International Trade, Selected Readings, Cambridge
University Press, Mass.
2. Greenaway, D. (1983), International Trade Policy, Macmillan Publishers Ltd.,
London.
3. Joshi V. and I.M.D. Little (1998), India’s Economic Reforms, 1999-2001,
Oxford University Press, Delhi.
4. Panchmukhi, V.R. (1978), Trade Policies of India : A Quantitative Analysis,
Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
5. Patel, S.J. (1995), Indian Economy Towards the 21st Century, University Press
Ltd., India.
6
T.Y. B.A. Economics
Special paper IV
(S4) Quantitative Techniques and Project Work
(From June 2010)
Only for Internal Students
Revised Syllabus
Preamble
The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of
mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and
analyze economic problems. The emphasis of this paper is on understanding economic
concepts with the help of mathematical methods rather than learning mathematics itself.
Hence in this paper a student will be initiated into various economic concepts, which are
amenable to mathematical treatment. The paper also deals with simple tools and
techniques, which will help a student in data collection, presentation, analysis and
drawing inferences about various statistical hypotheses.
Section I
1. Introduction to quantitative techniques:-
1.1- Equations- Linear and simultaneous - Problems related to supply, demand
and price determination.
1.2 - Concept of ratio, proportion and percentage : related problems.
1.3- Calculations of simple interest - principal amount, rate of interest, period -
problems
1.4- Calculations of compound interest - principal amount, period, rate of interest
(half yearly and yearly)- problems
2 - Measures of Central tendency:
2.1- Arithmetic mean - meaning, merits and demerits, Computation of arithmetic
mean of ungrouped and groupeddata, frequency distribution.
2.2- Median - meaning, merits and demerits, Computation of median with
ungrouped data and continuous frequency distribution.
2.3 - Mode- Meaning, Merits and demerits.
3.Introduction to Basic statistics:
3.1- Collection of data – Primary & Secondary.
3.2- Classification of data: - Frequency distribution, cumulative frequencies,
Meaning of class boundaries, midpoint, class width.
3.3 - Tabulation of data: Importance of tabulation, parts of the table, one way and
two way tables.
Section II
4.Research Technique
4.1 Research- Meaning & Types
4.2 Choice of Problems
4.3 Objectives of Study
4.5 Hypothesis- Definition, formulation
4.6 Sampling – Types
5 - Report writing -
5.1 - Objectives and characteristics of a good report.
5.2 - Steps of report writing.
7
Project work & Evaluation scheme
1. Term end examination of 60 marks shall be held at the end of the first term.
2. Candidate shall submit a report of minimum 3000 words i.e. 10 to 15 pages to the
department by end of the February.
3. A viva-voce should be conducted before theory examination and the results
should be sent to the University as immediately
4. The result should be prepared as follows:
a) 60 marks of term end examination converted in to 20 marks
b) 50 marks Annual examination for 2 hours conducted by University of Pune
Equal weightage for all topics
c) 30 Marks exam should be conducted by the department 20 marks for Project
work & 10 marks Viva-voce exam.
READING LIST :-
· Wilkinson and Bhandarkar - Methodology and Techniques of Social
research -Pauline, Young - Scientific Social Surveys and Research
· Goode and Hatt - Methods in Social Surveys and Research
· Krishnaswamy K.N. and Appa lyer Sivakumar (2009): Management
Research Methodology, Pearson Education Publication,. N.Delhi .
· Sharma Prasad and Satyanarayana (ed) Research Methods in Social
Sciences
· Moser and Kalton - Survey Methods in Social Investigations
· Sadhu and Singh - Research Methodology in Social Sciences
· Kurein C. T. A guide to research in Economics.
· Devendra Thakur - Research Methodology in Social Sciences
· Basotia G.R. Sharma K.K.- Research Methodology.
ADDITIONAL READING LIST :-
· Allen, T. Harrell (1978) New Methods in Social Science Research. New
York;Praeges Publishes.
· Wilkinson and Bhandarkar – Methodology and Techniques of Social
Research.
· Pauline Young : Scientific Social survey and Research
· Moser and Kalton : Survey methods in Social Investigations.
· ja.fa. paTIla va ko.jao. pzaNa pI. jao tamhNakr : Aqa-Saas~Iya saMSaaoQanaacaI taoMDAaoLK
· gau$naaqa naaqagaaoMDo : saamaaijak saMSaaoQana pQdtI.
· p`idp Aagalaavao : saMSaaoQana pQdtI Saas~ va tM~.
· Pau.la.BaaMDarkr : saamaaijak saMSaaoQana pQdtI
8
T.Y. B.A. Economics
Special paper IV
(S4) Quantitative Techniques
(From June 2010)
Revised Syllabus
Only for External Students
Preamble
The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of
mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and
analyze economic problems. The emphasis of this paper is on understanding economic
concepts with the help of mathematical methods rather than learning mathematics itself.
Hence in this paper a student will be initiated into various economic concepts, which are
amenable to mathematical treatment.
1 Basic concept
1.1 Variables, sets, Functions, Equations, identities,
1.2 Systems of equations,
1.3 Application of straight line system,
1.4 Slope of the line,
1.5 Homogeneous functions.
2 Calculus
2.1 Differentiation of a function.
2.2 Maxima and minima
2.3 Elasticity’s, Equilibrium of a firm, and consumer,
2.4 Inter relationships among total marginal and average cost and revenues,
2.5 Constrained optimization problem,
2.6 Integration of function consumer’s and producer’s surplus.
3 Matrix Determinants.
3.1 Various types of Matrices,
3.2 Determinants, inverse of matrix.
3.3 Crammer’s rules, impute-output analysis,
3.4 Simple static modes, Linkages,
3.5 Concept of linear programming graphic method.
4 Introductions to Statistics
4.1 Basic concepts- Population, Sample, Parameter, Frequency Distribution,
4.2 Cumulative frequency Graphic and diagrammatic representation of data,
4.3 Techniques of data collection. Primary and secondary data.
4.4 Sampling vs population
9
Section II
5 Central Tendency and Dispersion.
5.1 Measures of central tendency, mean, median, mode, Geometric mean and
Harmonic mean.
5.2 Measures of dispersion, Range, mean deviation, Standard deviation,
coefficient of variation, quartile deviation, skewness and Kurtosis.
6 Correlation and Regression.
6.1 Correlation Sample, coefficient of correlation Karl Person & Rank Correlation
Partial and multiple correlation
6.2. Analysis. Regression, analysis Estimation of regression
6.3 Line in a Woivariate distribution least squares method interpretation of
regression coefficients.
7 Time Series and Index Numbers.
7.1 Time series analysis concept and components.
7.2 Determination of regular, trend and seasonal indices
7.3 Index number concept, Price relative quantity relative value relative,
7.4 Laspeyer’s Passche’s and Fisher Family budget method.
7.5 Problems in the construction and limitations of index numbers,
7.6 Tests for ideal index number.
8 Probability.
8.1 Probability - concept
8.2 Rules of Probability (Addition and Multiplication)
READING LIST :-
1. Allan R.G.D: Mathematical Analysis of Economists Macmillan Press, London
2. Black J. & J.F. Bradley: Essential Mathematics for Economists, John Wiley and Sons
3. Chiang A.C.Fundamental Methods of mathematics. McGraw Hill New Delhi
4. Croxtion F.D.: Applied General Statistics, Prentice hall, New Delhi.
5. Gupta S.C. and Kapoor V.K. (1993) Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S.Chand and
Sons, New Delhi.
6. Speigal M.R.: (1992) Theory and problems of Statistics. McGraw Hill, London.
