OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR MASTERS IN
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) (SEMESTER
SYSTEM) FOR THE EXAMINATIONS OF 2011 -2012.
COURSE STRUCTURE
SEMESTER I
Max. Marks
Paper I: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing 200
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
Paper II: Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 200
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
Paper III: Spatial Analysis 200
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
SEMESTER II
Paper IV: Remote Sensing and GIS in Human geography (with special 200
reference to Urban and Regional Planning)
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
Paper V: Remote Sensing and GIS in Physical Geography (with special 200
reference to environmental management)
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
Paper VI: Image Processing 100
(a) Theory : 50
(b) Practicals : 30
(Lab. work 15 marks+ Record file 10 marks+ Viva 5 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 20
Field Report 100
(a) Evaluation of the Field Report : 50
(b) Presentation : 25
(c) Viva Voce : 25
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SEMESTER III
Paper VII: Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Disaster Management 200
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
Paper VIII: Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Utility Management 200
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
Paper IX: Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Resource Management 200
(a) Theory : 100
(b) Practicals : 60
(Lab. work 30 marks+ Record file 20 marks+ Viva 10 marks)
(c) Internal Assessment : 40
SEMESTER –IV
Paper X: Research Methodology, Project Formulation and Writing 100
(a)Theory : 80
(b) Internal Assessment : 20
Project Report 500
(a) Mid-Term Appraisal of the Project Report : 100
(b) Evaluation of the Project Report : 325
(c) Presentation &Viva Voce (50+25) : 75
Grand Total 2400
____________________________________________________________________________
NOTE:
1. The candidates, who successfully completes first two semesters of the course but scores less than 60
per cent marks in aggregate, shall be awarded Post-Graduate Diploma in Remote Sensing and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
2. Admission to the third semester will be restricted to those students who have secured at least 60 per
cent marks in the first two semesters of this Course.
3. Candidates, who have already done one-year Post-graduate Diploma in Remote Sensing and
Geographic Information Systems from this department and wish to do Masters in Remote Sensing
and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) shall be admitted to the third semester provided their
score of the said Post-graduate Diploma falls among the top 25 per cent of the admitted candidates
of the on going Masters in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) class,
subject to availability of seats.
4. The minimum marks required to pass the examination shall be 45% in each (i) theory paper,
(ii) practical work, and (iii) field/project report, and 50% in aggregate.
5. The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners, including the internal,
Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty member teaching the course.
6. No candidate shall be allowed to do Masters in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) after a gap of three years of passing of P.G. Diploma in Remote Sensing and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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SEMESTER – I
PAPER - I: FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOTE SENSING Marks: 200
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
Objectives:
to introduce the students about the basic principles of remote sensing;
to indicate the methods of visual and digital interpretation of aerial photographs and
satellite imageries;
to explain the methods of acquiring remote sensing data and their usage; and
to train the students about elementary photogrammetry and use of GPS.
Course contents:
Unit-I
Introduction to remote sensing: Energy and radiation principles, energy-atmosphere
interaction, energy-earth surface features interaction, spectral signatures.
Resolution of Remote Sensing data: Spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal.
Unit-II
Remote sensing types: Natural, technology assisted, active, passive, photographic, nonphotographic,
etc.
Type of aerial photographs and satellite imageries: Classification, characteristics and
applications.
Sensor Platforms: Ground based, air borne and space borne, earth resources satellite systems:
LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS, ERS, IKONOS, etc.
Unit-III
Image errors due to tilt, relief, optical distortions, image restoration and rectification.
Photogrammetry: Simple geometry of vertical photograph measurement of scale, height, and
slope from the vertical photographs.
Unit-IV
Digital image processing: Introduction to image processing system: hardware and software.
GPS and its use in the selection of training sets and field verification of interpreted data.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering the
whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each part
shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each unit,
and the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in addition to the
compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
(i) Arrangement of aerial photographs with the help of numbers given on the photograph
and preparation of photo index.
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(ii) Interpretation of information given on the margins of the photographs and satellite
imageries.
(iii) Stereo vision test, selection of stereopair, and its orientation and placing under the
stereoscope for stereovision.
(iv) Identification and mapping of features from a single photograph
(v) Identification and mapping of features from a stereopair and their verification in the
field.
(vi) Locating principal point, conjugate principal point and flight line on a stereopair.
(vii) Measurement of scale, relief displacement, height and slope from vertical photographs.
(viii) Removing error due to relief displacement on vertical photographs by graphical
method.
(ix) Display of digital data, geometric and radiometric correction.
(x) Identification of spectral signatures of some selected features and histogram analysis.
(xi) Image rectification, restoration and enhancement exercises using different methods.
(xii) Supervised and unsupervised classification of digital images.
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty member
teaching the course.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: Marks: 40
Internal Assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed
or conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
ESSENTIAL READINGS:
American Society : Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. 1 and II, Falls Church,
of Photogrammetry Virginia, 1975.
Barret, E.C. & Curtis, E.F. : Remote Sensing of Environment, Second Edition,
1982.
Curran, Paul J. : Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, Hongkong,
1988.
Jensen, J.R. : Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote
Sensing Perspective, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1986.
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Lillesand, T.M. & Kiefer, : Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Third
R.W. Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1994.
FURTHER READINGS:
Agarwal, C.S. and P.K. Garg : Text Book on Remote Sensing in Natural Resources
Monitoring and Management, Wheeler Publishing Co,
New Delhi, 2000.
Jain, A.K. : Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 1989.
Muralikrishna, I.V. : Remote Sensing Applications and Geographic
Information Systems Recent Trends, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
Fratt, W.K. : Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons, 1978.
Rashid, S.K. : Remote Sensing in Geography, Manak Publications,
Delhi, 1993.
Rees, W.G. : Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
Richards, John, A. : Remote Sensing: Digital Image Analysis, Springer
Verlag, 1986.
Swain, Phillip, H. : Remote Sensing: The quantitative Approach,
McGraw Hill International Book Co., 1978.
Verbyla, David, L : Satellite Remote Sensing of Natural Resources,
Lewis Publishers, New York, 2005
PEDAGOGY:
Students may be taken to field for verification of identifiable features on aerial
photographs and satellite imageries;
Students may be taken to different institutions, such as IIRS, NRSA, State Remote
Sensing Centres to acquaint with different equipments, techniques, and their products;
and
Students may be asked to prepare a report using toposheets, aerial photographs and
satellite imageries to trace the temporal and spatial changes.
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PAPER II: FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Marks: 200
SYSTEMS (GIS)
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
The main objective of this course is to expose the students to fundamental principles of
Geographical Information Systems including basic concepts and definitions, methods and
techniques, and mathematical models.
COURSE CONTENTS:
Unit-I
Concepts and Definitions:
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Definition and developments
- Spatial data base: Points, Lines and Polygons
- Computer components: Hardware and software
Unit-II
Functional Elements:
- Data acquisition, input, editing, data manipulation and topology creation
- Data analysis and query
- Symbolisation and product generation
Unit-III
Data Management and Structure:
- Data Base Management System (DBMS): Purpose and structure
- Classification: Raster, Vector, quadtree, hierarchical, network and relational
Unit-IV
Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks:
- Artificial intelligence: history, major issues, approaches and pattern recognition.
- Artificial neural network: Definition, taxonomy and multi-layer perceptions
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering the
whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each part
shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each unit,
and the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in addition to the
compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
(i) Windows/ NT Environment: Basics, file and directory organisation and
management.
(ii) Computer data-binary notation, ASC-II coding system
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(iii) Boolean operations
(iv) GIS database: Network, hierarchical, and relational database, creating raster
and vector GIS data; creating buffer zones; overlay and using raster and vector
GIS.
(v) Using PC Arc/Info or other GIS software: Digitizing, editing, map
displaying, query.
(vi) Elevation Representation: Point, line, triangular.
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty member
teaching the course.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal Assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed
or conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
ESSENTIAL READINGS
Aronoff, S. : Geographic Information Systems: A Management
Perspective, WDL Publications Ottawa,Canada, 1992.
ESRI : Understanding GIS, Environmental Systems
Research Institute, U.S.A., 1993.
Jefrey S. & John, E. : Geographic Information Systems - An Introduction,
Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1990.
Michael F. Goodchild : Introduction to GIS, Santa Barbara, California,
& Karan K. Kemp (eds.) NGGIA, 1990.
FURTHER READINGS
Elaine, Rich : Artificial Intelligence, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
1983.
Giarratano, J. & Rieley, G. : Expert Systems: Principles and Programming,PRS
Kent Publishing Co., 1985.
Laurini, R. & Thomson, D. : Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems,
Academic Press, London, 1994.
Rashid, S.M. : Remote Sensing in Geography, Manak Publications,
Delhi, 1993.
PEDAGOGY:
Distribution of a brief synopsis of different topics prior to discussions in the class, involving
students in teaching and arranging question-answer session at the end will form the core of
class-teaching approach. Use of audio-visual aids such as transparencies, slides and power
point presentations will be guiding principles of teaching methodology. Organising occasional
field visits and inviting professionals as a guest faculty will be used to differentiate between
the theory and practice.
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PAPER -III: SPATIAL ANALYSIS Marks: 200
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVE:
The course is designed to help the students to understand the techniques, which assist in
providing focused and precise analysis of emerged pattern of geographical phenomena.
COURSE CONTENT:
Unit- I
Introduction to Spatial analysis:
• Fundamentals of Spatial analysis: Scales of measurement; Scale, extent and Projection
• Significance of Spatial analysis.
Unit- II
Point Pattern Analysis
• The meaning and nature of Point features over space
• Measuring Central tendency
• Mean Centre, Weighted Mean Centre, Median Centre
• Dispersion of Point features
• Standard distance, Standard Deviation Ellipse
• Quadrat Analysis, Nearest Neighbour statistics
• Spatial Autocorrelation of Point features
• Geary’s Ratio
• Moran’s I Index
Unit –III
Line Pattern Analysis
• The meaning, nature and characteristics of Line features over space
• Directional Mean and Circular Variance
• Network Analysis
• Connectivity or Topology
• Proximity Analysis
Polygon Pattern Analysis
• The meaning of spatial relationships and spatial dependency
• Spatial Autocorrelation
• Geary’s Ratio
• Moran’s I Index
Bivariate Spatial Autocorrelation
Unit-IV
Vector Analysis
• Buffering: Point, Line, Area buffers
• Overlay
• Union, Intersect, Symmetrical Difference, Identity
• Point-in-Polygon, Line-in-Polygon, Polygon-in-Polygon
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Surface Analysis
• Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
• Contouring, Hill Shading and Perspective View (3D viewing)
• Slope and Aspect Analysis
Note:
1. A compulsory question containing 10 short answer type questions shall be set covering
the whole syllabus. Student will attempt all 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each
part shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each
unit.
3. The candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in addition to the
compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
The examination in ‘practicals’ shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including an internal, the Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty
member (as appointed by the Board of Control)
(i) Familiarization with Spatial Analysis Software.
(ii) Spatial analysis: Query, Identifying, measuring, query by location/attribute
(iii) Measuring Central tendency; Mean Centre, Weighted Mean Centre, Median
Centre, Standard distance, Standard Deviation Ellipse
(iv) Quadrat Analysis, Nearest Neighbour statistics
(v) Spatial Autocorrelation of Point features; Geary’s Ratio, Moran’s I Index
(vi) Network analysis
(vii) Vector Analysis; Buffering: Point, Line, Area buffers
(viii) Overlay
(ix) Surface Analysis; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Terrain Model
(DTM), Contouring, Hill Shading and Perspective View (3D viewing), Slope
and Aspect Analysis.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
ESSENTIAL READINGS
Aronoff, S. : Geographic Information Systems: A Management
Perspective, WDL Publications Ottawa, Canada, 1992.
ESRI : Understanding GIS, Environmental Systems Research
Institute, U.S.A., 1993.
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Jefrey S. & John, E. : Geographic Information Systems - An Introduction.
Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1990.
Michael F. Goodchild : Introduction to GIS, Santa Barbara, California,
& Karan K. Kemp (eds.) NGGIA, 1990.
Wong, David W.S. & Jay Lee: Statistical Analysis of Geographic Information with
ArcView GIS and ArcGIS, John Wiley and Sons, INC.,
New Jersey, USA, 2005.
FURTHER READINGS
Agarwal, C.S. and P.K. Garg
: Text Book on Remote Sensing in Natural
Resources Monitoring and Management,
Wheeler Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2000.
Burrough, P.A. & Macdoneli, R.A. : Principles of Geographic Information Systems,
Oxford University Press, 2000.
Demers, M.N. : Fundamentals of geographic Information
Systems, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and sons, 2000.
Fratt, W.K. : Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons,
1978.
Laurini, R. & Thomson, D. : Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems,
Academic Press, London, 1994.
Muralikrishna, I.V. : Remote Sensing Applications and Geographic
Information Systems Recent Trends, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
Rashid, S.K. : Remote Sensing in Geography, Manak
Publications, Delhi, 1993.
Rees, W.G. : Physical Principles of Remote Sensing,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
Richards, John, A. : Remote Sensing: Digital Image Analysis, Springer
Verlag, 1986.
Swain, Phillip, H. : Remote Sensing: The Quantitative Approach,
McGraw Hill International Book Co., 1978.
Verbyla, David, L : Satellite Remote Sensing of Natural Resources,
Lewis Publishers, New York, 2005.
PEDAGOGY:
Students will be encouraged to ask questions and participate in classroom discussions.
Assignments, term papers and group discussion will be the additional methods to make
teaching more focussed and interesting.
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SEMESTER II
PAPER IV: REMOTE SENSING & GIS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Marks: 200
(with special reference to Urban and Regional Planning)
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
To provide an understanding of:
concepts and definitions of urban and regional planning so as to pin point the specific
areas, where application of Remote Sensing and GIS technologies will increase
efficiency and effectiveness of planning;
data base creation in terms of various attributes, types and hierarchical scales; and
planning techniques which help in the location of infrastructural facilities for
decentralised urban and regional planning.
COURSE CONTENT:
Unit-I
Concepts and definitions: Planning - definition and types; role of remote sensing and GIS in
regional planning, tourism and business management.
Regional Planning: Creation of data base for regional planning; land use/ land cover mapping;
land use suitability evaluation; updating of land use/ land cover maps; resource analysis for
district/ block planning; location of amenities and facilities.
Unit-II
Creation of data base for urban planning; updating of urban land use maps; classification of
residential areas, estimation of population concentrations, urban growth monitoring, and urban
change detection; route location and site planning, urban development planning; location of
facilities and creation of data base for urban planning; slum identification and improvement.
Unit-III
Urban and regional mapping, Base map preparation, regional, city, intra–city, scale,
methodology.
Urban and regional plans formulation, Application of remote sensing techniques, Regional
plan. master plan, detailed development plan- Methodologies and stages – Case studies,
coastal and wasteland development plans.
Urban analysis, Urban growth, trend analysis, change detection, slum development, housing
typology and density analysis population estimation, environmental quality rating-
Transportation network analysis- Case studies.
Unit-IV
Information system, Database Organisation- Geographic Information System- Large scale data
entry- Interpretation manipulation- Retrieval- Suitable software Package- Attribute
information for urban planning
Urban analysis and modeling with GIS, Decision support system for urban and regional
management.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering the
whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each part
shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
12
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each unit and
the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in addition to the
compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
(i) Image/photo interpretation: recognition and detection of objects, preparation of
land use maps.
(ii) Digital image processing techniques in preparation of land use and urban
land use maps.
(iii) Urban growth monitoring and change detection.
(iv) Preparation of base map and its updating.
(v) Grid cell data processing.
(vi) Site planning of business activities and tourist spots.
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty
member teaching the course.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal assessment shall be as based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
ESSENTIAL READINGS
Avery, T.V. : Interpretation of Aerial Photography, Burgess
Publishing Co., Minneapolis, 1962.
Barret, E.C. & Curtis, E.F. : ‘The Built Environment’ in Remote Sensing of
Environment, Second edition, pp. 293-306, 1982.
Gautam, N.C. : Urban Landuse Study through Aerial Photo
Interpretation Techniques, Pink Publishing House,
Mathura, 1970.
Muralikrishna, I.V. : Remote Sensing Applications and Geographic
Information Systems - Recent Trends, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
Nag, Prithvish : Thematic Cartography and Remote Sensing,
Concept, New Delhi, 1992.
Richardson, B.F(ed) : Introduction to Remote Sensing of the Environment,
Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, 1978.
FURTHER READINGS
Sundaram, K.V. : Urban and Regional Planning in India, Concept,
New Delhi, 1977.
Taylor, John,L. : Urban Planning Practice in Developing Countries,
Williams, David C Pergamon Press, 1981.
PEDAGOGY:
Taking students for fieldwork, inviting professionals for lectures, taking students to
institutes/training centres engaged in imparting professional training and providing research
consultancy in business, tourism and area/regional planning should be the main focus.
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PAPER V: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Marks: 200
(with special reference to Environmental Management)
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
to train the students to detect, identify and recognise the various facets of different
landforms using remote sensing and creating a data base in GIS mode;
to educate students about morphogenetic analysis using photogrammetry & GIS; and
to indicate the use of remote sensing and GIS in assessment and management of
environmental problems.
COURSE CONTENT:
Unit –I
Concepts and definitions:
− Basic concepts in geomorphology, climatology, oceanography and biogeography
− Environment: Definition and components
− Human-environment relations
Unit –II
Remote Sensing and GIS in Geomorphology:
− Terrain evaluation and mapping of terrain units at various scales using remote sensing
and GIS
− Manual and digital methods of slope analysis.
− Manual and digital methods of morphometric analysis of a drainage basin.
− Use of remote sensing in understanding the relationships between structure and process
of landforms, climate and landforms structure and drainage pattern, landforms and
surface material, landforms and landuse, landforms and human activities.
− Classification of landforms using remote sensing and GIS
Unit-III
Remote Sensing and GIS in climatology, hydrology and environmental geomorphology and
management:
− Earth/ atmosphere energy and radiation budget.
− Use of remote sensing and GIS in recording the meteorological data and weather
forecasting.
− Use of remote sensing and GIS in hydrological studies, especially mapping of water
resources and water related problems.
− The concept of environmental geomorphology
− Use of Remote Sensing & GIS in impact assessment of human activities on the
geomorphological processes and the landscape
− Fundamentals and goals of environmental management
− Strategies for environmental management
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Unit –IV
− Use of Remote Sensing and GIS in assessment of environmental problems such as
deforestation, soil erosion, eutrophication, water logging soil salinity/alkalinity,
desertification, waste generation, spread of weeds, water, air and soil pollution etc.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering the
whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each part
shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each unit and
the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in addition to the
compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
(i) Identification and mapping of relief, drainage pattern, water bodies and surface
material from topographical maps
(ii) Identification and mapping of relief, drainage pattern, water bodies and surface
material from aerial photographs and satellite imageries.
(iii) Identification and mapping of terrain units from large scale aerial photographs
(iv) Measurement and mapping of slopes from topographical maps
(v) Rough estimation and mapping of slopes from the aerial photographs
(vi) Morphometric analysis of drainage basins from topographical maps
(vii) Analysis of certain selective aspects of the morphometry of the drainage basins
from the aerial photographs and satellite imageries
(viii) Empirical quantitative classification of terrain from topographical maps
(ix) Genetic and functional classification of terrain from the aerial photographs and
satellite imageries
(x) Identification and mapping of impact of human activities on the
geomorphological processes and landscape using remote sensing and GIS
techniques
(xi) Identification of climate landscape relationships at micro-level from aerial
photographs and satellite imageries
(xii) Management of natural environment pollution and waste using remote sensing
and GIS techniques
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional
faculty member teaching the course.
15
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
ESSENTIAL READINGS
Agarwal, C.S. and P.K. Garg : Text Book on Remote Sensing in Natural Resources
Monitoring and Management, Wheeler Publishing
Co, New Delhi, 2000.
Druary, S.A. : Image Interpretation in Geology, Allen and Unwin
Ltd., London, 1987.
Siegal, B.S. & : Remote Sensing in Geology, John Wiley Publications,
Gillespie, A.R 1986.
Townsend, J.R.G. : Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing, George Allen
and Unwin, 1981.
Verstappen, H. : Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, Elseiver
Scientific Publications, Netherlands, 1977.
Verbyla, David, L : Satellite Remote Sensing of Natural Resources,
Lewis Publishers, New York, 2005
FURTHER READINGS
Greedry, Alan, F. : Application of Remote Sensing with Special
Reference to Geosciences, Gregory Geo-science,
1974.
Nefedov, K.E. : Deciphering of Groundwater from Aerial Photographs,
Amerind Publications, Delhi, 1972.
Papova, T.A. and Pandey, S.N.: Principles and Applications of Photogeology, Wiley
Eastern Publishers, 1987
.
Smith, Willam, L. : Remote Sensing Applications for Mineral Exploration,
Dawden Hutchintons and Ross Inc., 1977.
PEDAGOGY:
Students may be taken to institutions such as IIRS, NRSA, State Remote Sensing
Cetres to acquaint them with equipments, techniques and their products.
Students may be asked to prepare a report on landform using topographical sheets,
aerial photographs and satellite images.
Students may acquaint with the satellite imageries of various kinds of environmental
problems
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PAPER VI: IMAGE PROCESSING Marks: 100
(A) THEORY Marks: 50
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
The course is designed to help the students to understand image processing for image
interpretation and pattern recognition. In addition, the techniques, which assist in providing
focused and precise analysis of emerged pattern of geographical phenomena over the images
following image processing.
Unit I
Image processing: definition and types-visual and digital
Visual image interpretation: Image characteristics, elements of object identification, image
interpretation techniques, field verification.
Unit II
Digital Image Pre-processing: Sources of Errors, Types of error-Radiometric and Geometric,
Image Rectification: Geometric Correction, Radiometric Correction, and Noise Removal.
Unit III
Image Enhancement Techniques: Contrast enhancement-Linear and Non-Linear, Logarithmic
and Exponential, Gaussian stretch, Density slicing, Spatial Filtering: Low frequency and High
frequency, Edge enhancement Band ratioing and band combination.
Unit IV
Digital image classification: Classification scheme-Supervised classification (training site
selection and statistical information extraction), Discriminate functions: Maximum Likelihood
classifier, Euclidian distance, Mahalanobis distance; Unsupervised Classification,
Classification accuracy assessment, error matrix.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 10 short answer type questions shall be set covering
the whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 7 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each
part shall carry 2 marks (total 14 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each
unit, and the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit carrying
9 marks, in addition to the compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 30
(i) Familiarization with image processing system
(ii) Loading of image data, identification of objects on video display, study of
histograms
(iii) Image enhancement techniques: contrast enhancement, band ratioing, edge
enhancement, filtering, density slicing
17
(iv) Image registration: image to map, image to image
(v) Image classification techniques: supervised and unsupervised
(vi) Accuracy analysis
(vii) Ground data collection for training sets for classification of image
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty
member teaching the course.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 20
Internal assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
ESSENTIAL READINGS
Chanda B., Datta D, Majumdar : Digital Image Processing and Analysis,
Prentice- Hall of India, 2001.
Fratt, W.K. : Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons,
1978.
Jensen, J.R. : Introductory Digital Image Processing: A
Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, 1986.
Lillesand, T.M. & Kiefer, R.W. : Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1994.
Prithvish Nag and M. Kudrat : Digital Remote Sensing, Concept Publishing
Company, New Delhi, 1998.
FIELD REPORT Marks: 100
Distribution of Marks:
a) Evaluation of the Field Report : 50
b) Presentation & Viva Voce (25+25) : 50
NOTE:
The field report shall be prepared by the student on the basis of work done or
experiences gained on visit(s) to Remote Sensing Centre(s)/Institute(s) in India. The
student will submit three copies of his/her work ten days before the commencement of
the theory examination of the said semester. Three examiners, consisting of supervisor,
chairperson of the department, and one more faculty member teaching the course, shall
evaluate the field report independently and student shall be awarded the mean score of
the three evaluations. The evaluation process shall have two-components:(i) evaluation
of field report, (ii) presentation of data analysis and main findings before the board of
examiners and viva voce.
18
SEMESTER III
PAPER VII: APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Marks: 200
IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
Main objectives of this course are to introduce the students with the nature, causes and effects
of disasters and applications of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping, mitigation and
monitoring of hazards and disasters.
Unit I
i. Fundamental concepts of hazards and disasters
ii. Natural and human induced disasters: classification, types
iii. Historical perspective of disasters in India
Unit II
iv. Disaster management: concepts relating to the pre-disaster phase, emergency phase,
post-disaster phase
v. Disaster management mechanism in India: agencies, plans and policies
vi. Role of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management
Unit III
vii. Remote sensing and GIS application in geological hazards: Landslides and
Earthquakes.
viii. Remote sensing and GIS application in Hydro meteorological Hazards: Floods,
Cyclones, Drought.
Unit IV
ix. Remote sensing and GIS application in Environmental hazards: Deforestation, Land
Degradation and desertification, Forest fires
x. Case Studies: Earthquakes in India, Drought in India, Floods in Indo-Gangetic
plains, Landslides in Himalayan region,
Essential Readings
Greg Bankoff , Georg Frerks, : Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and
Dorothea Hilhorst People, Earthscan Publications Ltd., 2004.
Monmonier mark, : Cartographies of Danger: Mapping Hazards in
America, University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Roy, P.S.; Van Westen, : Natural Disaster and their Mitigation: Remote
C.J.; Jha, V.K.; Lakhera, Sensing and Geographical Information System
R.C. and Champati Ray, P.K., Perspectives, IIRS, DehraDun, Govt. of India, India,
2000.
19
FURTHER READINGS
Agarwal, C.S. and P.K. Garg : Text Book on Remote Sensing in Natural Resources
Monitoring and Management, Wheeler Publishing Co,
New Delhi, 2000.
Burrough, P.A. & Macdoneli, R.A.: Principles of Geographic Information Systems,
Oxford University Press, 2000.
Demers, M.N. : Fundamentals of geographic Information Systems, 2nd
Edition, John Wiley and sons, 2000.
Giarratano, J. & Rieley, G. : Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, PRS
Kent Publishing Company, 1985.
Muralikrishna, I.V. : Remote Sensing Applications and Geographic
Information Systems Recent Trends, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 1992.
Rashid, S.K. : Remote Sensing in Geography, Manak Publications,
Delhi, 1993.
Rees, W.G. : Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
Swain, Phillip, H. : Remote Sensing: The quantitative Approach, McGraw
Hill International Book Co., 1978.
Verbyla, David, L : Satellite Remote Sensing of Natural Resources, Lewis
Publishers New York, 2005.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 10 short answer type questions shall be set
covering the whole syllabus. Student will attempt all 10 parts in about 25-30 words
each. Each part shall carry 2 marks (total 20marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each
unit.
3. The candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in addition to
the compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
1. Earthquake hazard mapping using satellite images and ancillary data.
2. Flood prone area mapping using satellite images and ancillary data.
3. Landslide mapping and risk evaluation.
4. Multiple hazard mapping using satellite images, ancillary data and modeling risk in
GIS.
20
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
PEDAGOGY:
Students may be asked to prepare a report on zonation of hazards and disasters using
topographical sheets, aerial photographs and satellite images.
Students may acquaint with the satellite imageries of various kinds of disasters.
PAPER VIII: APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Marks: 200
IN UTILITY MANAGEMENT
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
The major objective of this paper is to expose the students the application of remote sensing
and GIS in managing utility services. It further aims at training them to take quick, correct and
reliable locational decisions.
Unit I
Utility, Description of all essential services and utilities, Database development and Data
Acquisition, Acquiring and integrating geo-spatial data, Spatial Data Bases
Unit II
Spatial Data Manipulation and Analysis, Geospatial system analysis and design, Geospatial
technology project, management, Query Processor and Visualization, Applications and
Problem solving with GIS
Electricity, Gas, Water supply, Sewerage system
Solid waste disposal, Telecommunication, Public health and safety, Crime analysis
Unit III
Modelling in utility applications, Infrastructure aims and objectives, Environmental law and
regulations governing infrastructure utilities, Modern infrastructure tools
Unit IV
Case studies Part I: relating to Electricity, Gas, Water supply, Sewerage system
Case studies Part II: Solid waste disposal, Telecommunication, Public health and safety, Crime
analysis
REFERENCES
1. Harries K (1999) Mapping Crime: Principle and Practice. Washington, DC: Crime
Mapping Research Center, Department of Justice, U.S.A.
2. Hodder I, Orton C (1979) Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press .
21
3. Escritt, L. B. (1972). Water Supply and Building Sanitation, 4th Ed., Mac Donald and
Evans Limited, 1972
4. Hammer, Mark J. (1986). Water and Waste Water Technology, 2nd Ed., John Willey
and Sons Inc., 1986.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set
covering the whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30
words each. Each part shall carry 2 marks (total 20marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each
unit, and the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in
addition to the compulsory question at serial number I.
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
Site Suitability mapping and locating and relocating of infrastructure facilities related to:-
-Electricity and Gas,
-Water supply and Sewerage system,
-Telecommunications and Transport
-Site suitable for solid waste disposal, and
-Accessibility mapping of health care services.
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty
member teaching the course.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
Paper IX: APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN Marks: 200
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
(A) THEORY Marks: 100
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
It aims at training the students to use remote sensing and GIS in management of resources. It
will expose them to plan things better and utilize resources most efficiently.
Unit I
Concepts in Resources: Resources classification systems, natural and cultural resources,
renewable and non-renewable resources.
Resource Conservation: Remote sensing based Land use- Land cover mapping for resource
monitoring and management Sustainable development of natural resources.
22
Unit II
Land Resources: Introduction to agriculture and soil resources, Crop inventory, land
evaluation, land degradation and soil conservation; Mineral resources and impacts of mining.
Bio-Resources: Remote sensing application in agriculture, forest resources and wildlife habitat
assessment. Mapping of forest density and type, issues in forest management.
Unit III
Water Resources: Remote sensing application in surface and sub surface water resources
evaluation, watershed characterization, water resources management and development, water
quality and pollution issues.
Energy Resources: Coal, oil and nuclear energy, non-conventional energy resources, future
potential and requirement of energy resources. Geo-information in energy resources
management.
Unit IV
Geo-information Models in Resource Management: Land resources development,
prioritization and modeling, Forest resources modeling, Agriculture production potential
modeling.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set
covering the whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30
words each. Each part shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each
unit, and the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in
addition to the compulsory question at serial number I.
REFERENCES:
1. Simmons, T.G. (1974). Ecology of Natural Resources, Publ. Edward Arnold, London.
2. Chouhan, T.S. and Joshi, K.N. (1992). Remote Sensing for Natural Resources
Management, Universal Scientific Publ. Jaipur.
3. Davidson, Donald A. (1998). Soils and Land use Planning, Longman, London.
4. Odum, E.P. (1964). Fundamental of Ecology, V.B. Saumders and Co.
5. Miller, R. W. and Donahue, R. L. (1990): Soils, Prentice-Hall of India.
6. Lillesand, Thomas M. & Kiefer Ralph (2000): Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation, John Wiley.
7. Colwell, Robert W. Monitoring of Earth Resources from Aircraft and Spacecraft,
NASA, Washington D.C.
8. Ester, J. and Senger, L.W. Remote Sensing Techniques for Environment Analysis,
Tayler and Francis Inc.
23
(B) PRACTICAL Marks: 60
1. LU-LC mapping at level I and Level II using 1:50,000 scale satellite image.
2. Forest Types Mapping using satellite images.
3. Delineating on satellite image various surface water resources and identify potential
sites for WR conservation.
4. Delineation of surface mining zones and impact on land resources of the area using
satellite image
5. NDVI and density slicing of digital satellite data for forest density classification.
6. Supervised classification for mapping agriculture and forest resources.
7. Applying geo-information models in resource management and development plan
using raster GIS.
8. Soil erosion modeling using geo-information approach
9. Natural resource mapping and change detection study using temporal satellite data
NOTE: The practical examination shall be conducted by a team of three examiners,
including the internal, Chairperson of the Department, and one additional faculty
member teaching the course.
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Marks: 40
Internal assessment shall be based on class test/s and assignment/s etc., as prescribed or
conducted by the teacher/s concerned.
SEMESTER IV
PAPER X: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, PROJECT FORMULATION AND
WRITING
Marks: 100
(Terminal exams: 80 marks)
(Internal Assessment: 20 marks)
Time : 3 Hours
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this paper is to train the students about the various aspects of research writing so
that they are in a position to write research reports independently.
Unit I
Problems of Geographical Information research: Identification of problems of regional and
Local level, geographic data sources and nature of data to be used.
Hypotheses and Models
Formulation of research schemes
24
Unit II
Preparation of research projects and writing of reports: Preparation of field reports, spatial
data, classification and sampling problems. Need for sampling, types of sampling, sample size,
sampling area.
Project Definition, Importance of Projects and Project Management, Project Management
context. Basics of project management, Project formulation, Time management, Budget
estimates, Cost-benefit calculation techniques
Unit III
Project bidding, Project plan, Task definition, Project resource, Scheduling, Line management,
Project team.
Managing the Projects Activities, Project administrator, Classification of projects. Product
management, Problems and opportunities in Projects.
Unit IV
Tools & Methods: Project Communications and Presentation, Project Management Software,
Project Administration.
Evolution, revolution, & termination of Project, Project change, End of projects, Project report
preparation.
NOTE:
1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering
the whole syllabus. Student will attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each
part shall carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).
2. A total of eight questions will be set out of the whole syllabus, at least 2 from each
unit; and the candidates will attempt 4 questions selecting one from each unit, in
addition to the compulsory question at serial number I.
3. Mid-term appraisal shall include at least two presentations by the students before final
submission of his/her project report. First presentation will be done after the collection
of data/information and second one after the mapping and interpretation of the
data/information. These presentations shall be assessed by a board of examiners
consisting of Chairperson of the Department, faculty member teaching the course and
one more senior faculty member.
REFERENCES:
1. W.E. Huxold & A.G. Lerinsons Aronoft. S. (1989). Managing Geographic Information
Projects.
2. Earickson, R., and Harlin, J. (1994). Geographic Measurement & Quantitative
Analysis, Macmillan, New York
3. Bennet P. Lientz & Kathryn P. (1995). Project Management for the 21stCentury,
Academic Press, California
25
PROJECT REPORT Marks: 500
(a) Mid-Term Appraisal of the Project Report : 100
(b) Evaluation of the Project Report : 325
(c) Presentation &Viva Voce (50+25) : 75
NOTE:
(i) Mid-term appraisal of the project report of each student shall be done by the board of the
four examiners consisting of the supervisor, chairman, and the two senior faculty
members of the department.
(ii) Mid-term appraisal of the project report shall have two-components: (i) presentation on
project proposal including the research objectives, methodology and the chapter scheme,
after the three weeks of assigning the project title, (ii) presentation of data analysis and
tentative findings, after the six weeks of assigning the project title.
(iii) In case of project report, the Board of Control shall assign a candidate to a faculty
member/s for supervision of his/her report on an approved topic. The student shall
prepare three copies of his/her project report and submit in the concerned department.
The report shall have to be submitted ten days before the commencement of the theory
examination of the said semester. The project report shall incorporate the findings arrived
at on the basis of the data/information collected from the field and processed, analyzed
and mapped in the GIS lab.
For the evaluation of project report, three examiners, consisting of supervisor,
chairperson of the department, and one more faculty member teaching the course, shall
evaluate the field report, submitted by the student, independently and student shall be
awarded the mean score of the three evaluations. The evaluation process shall have the
two-components: (i) evaluation of report, (ii) presentation of data analysis and main
findings before the board of examiners and viva voce.
* * * * * * *
