BOT 202: ANGIOSPERM ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND PALYNOLOGY
UNIT I
Origin, growth, differentiation and ultra structure of cell and tissue, fine structure of plasmodesmata, microtubules, microfibrils and secondary structure.
Apical, lateral and intercalary meristems- their ultra structure and histochemistry, organogenesis.
Ontogeny, phylogeny, ultra structure and function of primary and secondary xylem; wood anatomy.
Ontogeny, phylogeny, ultra structure and function of primary and secondary phloem.
Structure variability in leaves, leaf histogenesis, leaf meristem, origin, development ultra structure of trichomes and stomata.
UNIT II
Nodal anatomy-nodal types and evolutionary consideration
Vascular cambium vs. cork cambium factors controlling their activity, periderm, lenticles, abscission, wound healing.
Anatomy of monocotyledons and dicotyledonous seed and fruits, seed appendages, their anatomy structure and function.
Anatomy in relation to taxonomy.
Contemporary plant anatomy: current trends and prospects.
UNIT III
Microsporangium- structure and function of wall layers, ultra structure change in tapetum and meiocytes during Microsporogenesis, role of tapetum, pollen development, anther culture and haploid plants.
Pollen wall morphogenesis-microspore pollen mitosis; division of generative cell; pollen fertility and sterility; pollen storage viability and germination.
Megasporogensis, various types of embryosacs, their development and fertilization.
UNIT IV
Embryology and taxonomy; diagnostic embryological characters, primitive and advanced characters, comparative embryology of hybrids dysfunction of endosperm, arrested development of embryo.
UNIT V
Development and evolution of pollen types; stereo and ultrastructure of exine, apertures, furrow.
Palynology and taxonomy.
Aerobiology and its application. Aeropalynology, methods of aerospora survey and analysis, pollen allergy and pollen calendars system approach for energy.
Mellitopalyonolgy: general account
Paleopalynolgy: role in coal and oilgenesis.
PRACTICALS 202:
1. Use of paraffin method of microtechnique .
2. Acquaintance with ultratomy: use of wood microtomy and common and anatomy and histochemical methods.
3. Learning techniques of making temporary and permanent microscopic preparation.
4. Knowledge and use of photomicrography in anatomical studies.
5. Knowledge and use of the principles and working of electron microscopes.
6. Learning to use simple experimental method in anatomical studies.
7. Laboratory work planned on the basis of topic listed under theory.
8. Preparation of dissected whole mount of endothecium, tapetum, ovule, endosperm and embryo, squash preparation of tapetum, microspore mother cell, dyads, tetrads, pollinia, massulae.
9. Study of seed appendages from dissection, structure of seed coat from section and macerations.
