103. MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT I
1. Classification of Microorganisms: Bacterial & Fungal Classification.
2. Morphology and fine structure of eubacteria, archeobacterial cell wall and fungal cell
wall.
3. Preparation of culture media, pure culture techniques and microbial staining.
4. Cyanobacteria : General account and their economic importance
UNIT II
1. Sterilization: Physical and chemical methods.
2. Microbial growth: Bacterial growth curve, Mathematical expression, measurement of
growth and factors affecting growth.
3. Microbial Nutrition: Nutritional classification of Microorganisms, Different carbon and
nitrogen sources, mode of nutrition, transport of nutrition across the bacterial
membrane.
4. Oxygen toxicity: Study of catalase, peroxidase, superoxidase dismutase, mechanism of
oxygen toxicity/ Taxonomic classification of microbes using molecular markers‐ 16 rRNA
typing.
UNIT III
1. Infection and disease, types of infection, Mechanism of pathogenesis of bacterial and
viral disease.
2. Staphylococccal and Clostridial food Poisoning, Bacterial Diseases: Salmonellosis and
Shigellosis.
3. Fungal Diseases: Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis and Candidasis.
4. Viral diseases: Chicken Pox, Hepatitis B and Poliomyelitis.
UNIT IV
1. Virus organization, Types, Isolation, cultivation, identification and viral replication.
2. Structure and morphology of bacteriophages, lytic and lysogenic cycle.
3. Life cycle of DNA viruses: SV 40, RNA viruses: Retroviruses.
4. Plant viruses: TMV, Gemini, CMV, Human Viruses: Influenza (SARS), Herpes Simples
virus, Rubella.
UNIT V
1. Micoplasma and diseases caused by them.
2. Bacterial Recombination: Transformation, conjugation, transduction, Plasmids and
Transposes.
3. Chemotherapeutic agents: Classification of Antibiotics, Broad and narrow spectrum
antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes.
4. Anti‐fungal and antiviral antibiotics, mode of action of antibiotics and mechanism of
drug resistance, origin of drug resistance.
Practical Exercises
1. Preparation of Liquid and Solid media for growth of microorganisms.
2. Isolation and maintenance of organisms by plating, streaking and serial dilution method,
slant and stab cultures, storage of microorganisms.
3. Isolation of pure cultures from soil and water
4. Growth; Growth curve; Measurement of bacteria population by turbidometry and serial
dilution methods. Effect of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on
growth.
5. Microscopic examination of bacteria, Yeast and mold and study of organism by Gram’s
stain, acid fast stain and staining for spores
6. Study of mutation by Ame’s Test.
7. Assay of antibiotics and demonstration of antibiotic resistance
8. Analysis of water for potability and determination of MPN.
9. Bacterial transformation.
10. Biochemical Characterization of selected microbes.
11. One Step growth curve of coliphage.
Reference Books
1. General microbiology, R.Y. Ingraham, J.L. Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.R. The Macmillan
Press Ltd.
2. Brock Biology of microorganism, M.T. Martinko, J.M. and Parker, J. Prentice‐Hall.
3. Microbiology, Pelczar, M.J., Chan E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R., Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Microbial Genetics, Malloy, S.R., Cronan, J.E. Jr and Freifelder, D.Jones, Bartlett
Publishers
5. Microbiology‐A Laboratory Manual, cappuccino, J.G. Sherman, N. Addison Wesley.
6. Microbiological Applications (A Laboratory Manual in General microbiology) Benson, H.J.
WCB: Wm C Brown Publishers
