210 SURVEYING I
1.Scales: Ordinary, diagonal and Vanier
2.Distance and Area Measurement: Instruments chains, tapes, optical square, offset rod etc, errors in chaining, churning on sloping ground and through obstacles, offsets and their limiting length, instruments for measuring areas
3.Measurement of Direction and Angles: Surveying and prismatic compass, true north and magnetic north, bearing of lines, true and magnetic meridian, local attraction, theodolite-temporary adjustment, measurement of vertical and horizontal angles, use of sextant for angle measurement
4.Measurement of Slopes, Elevation and Heights: Use of Clinometers, Abney level and hand level in rough leveling, leveling instruments-general description and types temporary adjustments, leveling staff, methods of leveling reciprocal leveling
5.Plane Table Surveying: Instruments used in plane tabling, traversing by plane table and methods of plane tabling, two point and three point problem
6.Theodolite and the Theodolite Traversing: Types of theodolite, temporary and permanent adjustments sources of errors and their eliminations, theodolite traversing, calculation of latitude and departure, balancing of traverse
7.Contouring: Contour line, contour interval, horizontal equivalent, characteristics of contours, methods of contouring, representation of relief, drawing of cross section on contour map
8.Curves: Types of curves, elements, setting out of simple curves, composite curve, vertical curves
9.Tachoemetric Survey: Instruments used in tacheometry, tacheometry, determination of tacheometry constant, tangential method, used of stadia measurement for traversing and contouring
SESSIONAL:
1.Longitudinal section together with topographic detail using chain compass and leveling instruments
2.Traversing and detailing by plane table
3.Lay out of building by theodolite and tape
4.Setting out of simple curves
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Surveying and Leveling by T.P. Kanetkar and S.V. Kulkarni, Vol- I & II
2.Surveying and Leveling by B.S. Punmia, Vol- I & II
3.Surveying by Dr. K.R. Arora, Vol- I & II
