ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE
PAPER-I
1.
Animal Nutrition
:
1.1 Partitioning
of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry.
Carbon—nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for
expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy
requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat
production.
1.2 Latest
advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation
of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein
requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat
production.
1.3 Major and
trace minerals—Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms.
Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fatsoluble and water—soluble
vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency symptoms. Government strives
to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are
encouraged to apply.
1.4 Feed
additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones,
oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use
and abuse of growth promoters like harmones and antibiotics—latest concepts.
1.5 Conservation
of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed
technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in
livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials—direct,
indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.
1.6 Advances in
ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves,
pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals
during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk
composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep
for meat and wool production.
1.7 Swine
Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations.
Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.
1.8 Poultry
nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for
meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers
and broilers.
2. Animal
Physiology :
2.1 Physiology
of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in
health and disease.
2.2 Blood
constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin
synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and
properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders—anti-coagulants—blood
groups—Blood volume—Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests
and their significance in disease diagnosis.
2.3 Circulation.—Physiology
of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work and
efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac
muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and
stress on heart, blood pressuer and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial
pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary
circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.
2.4
Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural
control of respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
2.5
Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of
studying renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance : physiological
constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion
in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary
dysfunction.
2.6 Endocrine
glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of
hormones, mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal receptors-classification
and function.
2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and
postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors
affecting growth, conformation, body composition, Government strives to have a
workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to
apply. meat quality.
2.8 Physiology
of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.—Current status of hormonal
control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and
Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs
and their functions.
2.9
Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations and their regulation;
mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms
involved in animal behaviour, climatology—various parameters and their
importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health
and production.
3. Animal Reproduction : Semen quality.—Preservation
and Artificial Insemination—Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa,
chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen
in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality,
preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of
diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and
poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception.
Anoestrus and repeat breeding.
4. Livestock
Production and Management :
4.1 Commercial
Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries.
Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy
farming. Starting of a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization
of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the
efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk production,
pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations
for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder
requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers
and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding
records.
4.2 Commercial
meat, egg and wool production.—Development of practical and economic rations
for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding
regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and
management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept. 4.3
Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural
calamities.
5. Genetics and
Animal Breeding :
5.1 History of
animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis : Mendelian inheritance; deviations to
Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex
determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and
polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance, Gene and its
structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis;
Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for
detecting mutations and mutation rate, Transgenesis.
5.2 Population
Genetics applied to Animal Breeding—Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy
Weinberg Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces
changing Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance
and women candidates are encouraged to apply. gene frequency; Random drift and
small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of
estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population
size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic
deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and
genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblance
between relatives.
5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestsock and
Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations,
their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and
their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family
selection; Pregnency testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection
indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various
selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out
breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred
lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining
ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index.
6. Extension :
Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different
Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of
technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer of
technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.
PAPER-II
1.
Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene :
1.1 Histology
and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing
and H.E. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright field microscope and
electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell
division-cell types—Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult
tissues—Comparative histology of organs—Vascular, Nervous, digestive,
respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems—Endocrine
glands—Integuments—sense organs.
1.2
Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and
domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and
placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and
twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and
ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine
Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of
salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary,
mandi-buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve block. Regional anatomy of
paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial,
fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural
anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative-features of locomotor
apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of
Fowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and
flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Pharmacology
and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and Government
strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates
are encouraged to apply. pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and
electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts
of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and
principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in
therapeutics—chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns
in the Edible tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity
due to “insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins”.
1.6 Veterinary
Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of pollution of
water, air and soil—Importance of climate in animal health—effect of environment
on animal function and performance relationship between industrialisation and
animal agriculture—animal housing requirements for specific categories of
domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler
birds—stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation.
2. Animal
Diseases :
2.1 Etiology,
epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and
control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and
poultry.
2.2 Etiology,
epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle,
horse, pig and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency
diseases of domestic animals and birds.
2.4 Diagnosis
and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea,
Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning.
2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological
disorders.
2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of
animals against specific diseases—hard immunity—disease free zones—‘zero’
disease concept—chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anaesthesia.—local,
regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical
interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomassal
displacement—Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy—Castrations.
2.8 Disease
investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment.
Animal Health Centres—Disease free zone.
3. Veterinary
Public Health :
3.1
Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence
and transmission of zoonotic diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases.
3.2
Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of
epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control.
Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections. OIE
regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
3.3 Veterinary
Jurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and
prevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal
and animal product borne diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases—Certificates—Materials
and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk
Products Technology : Government strives to have a workforce which reflects
gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
4.1 Market
Milk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing,
distribution, marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following
milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized,
homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of
cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and
Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards.
Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant
equipment.
4.2 Milk
Products Technology.—Selection of raw materials, processing, storing,
distributing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa,
Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi;
by-products, whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading,
judging milk products—BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality
control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and operational control.
Costing of dairy products.
5. Meat Hygiene
and Technology :
5.1 Meat Hygiene
5.1.1 Ante
mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing
operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and
judgement of carcass meat cuts—grading of carcass meat cuts—duties and
functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.
5.1.2 Hygienic
methods of handling production of meat.—Spoilage of meat and control
measures—Post- slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that
influence them—Quality improvement methods—Adulteration of meat and
detection—Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.
5.2 Meat
Technology
5.2.1 Physical
and chemical characteristics of meat.—Meat emulsions—Methods of preservation of
meat—Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products,
processing and formulations.
5.3
By-products.—Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation—Edible and
inedible by products—Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of
slaughter house by-products—Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4 Poultry
Products Technology.—Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat,
pre- slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection,
preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards. Structure
composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and
maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.—Rabbit meat
production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by
products. Grading of wool.
