G3: Aesthetics and Social Philosophy
(Objective: In the first part of the course the student will be introduced to major
concepts and theories in Western and Indian Aesthetics. In one unit of the second part
the student will be introduced to two major approaches to understanding society viz.
Individualism and socialism. In the last three units, the student will be introduced to
some major issues concerning religion and its role in the contemporary society.
The weightage of each unit will be 12 lectures.)
Part I: Aesthetics
Unit1: Introducing Aesthetics
1-1 Aesthetics as a branch of Philosophy- Discussions of aesthetics as a philosophy of
art and beauty
1-2 Distinction between the judgement of the agreeable, the good and the beautiful
(Kant)
1-3 Aesthetic attitude (Bullough, Dickie); Nature and characteristics of an aesthetic
experience (Kant)
1-4 Concepts of the Beautiful and Sublime
Unit2: Introducing the concept of Art
2-1 Distinction between craft and art- Nature of art and classifications of art
2-2 Work of art: Concepts of Medium, Form and Content
2-3 Distinction between an art object and aesthetic object
Unit3: Introducing some theories of art
3-1 Art as imitation: Plato- Aristotle
3-2 Art as expression: Croce- Collingwood
3-3 Art as communication: Tolstoy
Unit4: Introducing Indian Aesthetics
4-1 Bharat’s Rasa-siddhanta
4-2 Notion of bhava and classification of bhavas
4-3 Concepts of Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi and Siddhi
4-4Vamana’s concept of Riti
Part II: Social Philosophy
Unit5: Individual and society
5-1 The concept of society: Mechanistic and Organic model
5-2 Liberalism (Mill)
5-3 Marxism
Units 6: Nature of Religion:
6-1Definitions and kinds of Religion,
6-2 Religion and Science
6-3 Religion and Morality
Unit7: Arguments for and against the Existence of God
7-1 Introduction to the Arguments for the existence of God: Ontological,
Cosmological, Teleological and Moral Argument
7-2 Nyaya argument for the existence of God
7-3 Problems of Suffering and Evil
Unit8: Contemporary issues Regarding Reigion
8-1 Fundamentalism
8-2 Terrorism
8-3 Secularism
Books for Reading (Relevant sections from-)
1. Oswld Hansfling Philosophical Aesthetics
2. Carriet E.F. The Theory of Beauty
3. R.C. Soloman Introducing Philosophy ( A text with integrated reading )
Part one : 2 Oxford University Press 2008
4. L.P. Pojman and James Fieser Introduction to Philosophy (Classical
Contemporary Reading 4th Ed. ) chap 3, 6 Oxford University Press 2008
5. Ghoshal S. N. Elements of Indian Aesthetics Chaukhamba Varanasi 1986
6. Heywood Andrews, Political Ideologies ,1992
7. Hick John Philosophy of Religion, Prentice Hall 1963
8. Rolston Holmes III Science and Religion: A Critical Survey Harcourt Brace
Custom Publishers 1997
9. Ra. Bha. Paatanakar : Saundaryamimamsa
10. Deshpande, Ga Tryam, Bhatratiya Sahityashastra
11. Bhaskar. L.. Bhole Rajkiya Vicharavanta
12. Joshi Ja. Vaa., Dharmaache Tattvajnana
13. Sham. Va. Dandekar Eeshwarvaad
Books forReference
1. Ghosh Manmohan (tr.) Bharatmuni , Natyashastra, Baroda Oriental Series
Baroda 1956
2. Champbell T. Seven Theories of Human Society Clarendon Press Oxford
1981
3. Osborn : Aesthetics
4. Virgil Aldrich: Philosophy of Art
5. Barlingay S. S. Saundaryche Vyakaran Abhinav Prakashan, Mumbai
6. Freud S. Future of an Illusion tr by W/D. Robson – Scott Hoquarth Press. Ltd
London 1949
7. J.S. Mill On Liberty
8. D.P.Chattopadhyaya Individuals and Societies : A Methodological Inquiry ,
Chap 1 Scientific Book Agency Calcutta 1967
9. Graling ed. Philosophy chap 5,6, Oxford University Press 1998
10. Saroj Deshapande, Bharatiya Saundaryashastrachi Olakh, Padmgandha
Prakasan, Pune
11. Paramarsha (Special issue) Eeshwarvad- Nirishwarvad
12. Sharad Gosavi Vyaktiswatantryachi Sankalpana , Pune
T. Y. B. A. (Philosophy)
S3: Thinkers and Textual Studies: Indian
[Objectives 1) To acquaint the students with some main thinkers of Post-classical
Indian Philosophy
2) To introduce some original writings contributed by some 20th century
Indian philosophers (No. of Lectures per unit: 12)]
Part I: Thinkers
Unit1: Jnaneshwer
1-1 Shiva-Shakti-Samaveshana
1-2 Ajnana-khandan
1-3 Chidvilasavad
Unit2: M. K. Gandhi
2-1 Truth and Non-violence
2-2 Sarvodaya
2-3 Anasaktiyoga
Unit3: Ambedkar
3-1 Concept of Religion and Dhamma
3-2 Critique of Brahmanism
3-3 Liberty Equality Fraternity
Unit4: J Krishnamurty
4-1 Truth as a pathless land
4-2 Freedom from the known
4-3 Views on education
Part II: Textual studies
Unit5: Prof. .J. N. Mohanty: “On Interpreting Indian Philosophy: Some Problems and
Concerns” from Essays on Indian Philosophy Traditional and Modern (Ed.)
Purushottam Bilimoria, Oxford University Press,1993
Unit6: Rajendra Prasad: “The Concept of Moksa” from Karma Causation and
Retributive Morality
Unit7: Prof. S. S. Barlingay, “ Distinguishables and Separables”( first part) from
Beliefs Reasons and Reflections, I. P.Q. Publication
Unit8: Prof. Daya Krishna, “Three Myths in Indian Philosophy” from
Indian Philosophy: a Counter-Perspective, Oxford University Press
Books for Reading:
1. B. P. Bahirat, Philosophy of Jnanadeva
2. N. K. Bose, Selections from Gandhi
3. M. K. Gandhi, Anasaktiyoga
3. Ambedkar B. R., The Buddha and His Dhamma (Relevant Sections)
4. Ambedkar B. R., Anihilation of Caste
5. J. Krishnamurti, The Penguin Krishnamurti Reader (Compiled by Mary Lutyens)
6. J. Krishnamurti, Freedom from the Known, (Edited by Mary Lutyens)
Books for Reference
1. P.P.Gokhale Jnandevanche Anubhamrutateel Tatvajnan
2. B.G.Bapat Krishnamurti
3. G.N.Joshi Krishnamurtinchi Jeevandrishti M.T.P PUNE
4. Paramarsh Vol 20 Issue 3-4 Prof. Surendra Barlingay Yanche Vicharvishwa
5. Ambedkar B.R. The Buddha and his Dhamma , Siddharth Prakashan, Bombay
6. Ahir D.C. Dr. Ambedkar B.R. and Buddhism Siddharth Prakashan, Bombay
1993
7. Graling ed. Philosophy chap 11,12, Oxford University Press 1998
T.Y.B.A. (Philosophy)
S4: Thinkers and Textual Studies (Western)
[Objectives: 1) To acquaint the students with the main trends of Post- Hegelian
Philosophy 2) To introduce some original Texts belonging to some Post-Hegelian
trends trends. (No. of Lectures per unit: 12) ]
First Term: Thinkers
Unit 1 Edmund Husserl
a)Philosophy as a rigorous science.
b) Phenomenological Method :Epoche
c) Intentionality
Unit 2 Friedrich Nietzsche
a) Will to Power.
b) Concept of Truth
c) Views regarding Morality.
Unit 3 C.S.Peirce
a) Pragmatism
b) Theory of Meaning.
c) Method of Inquiry.
Unit 4 Wittgenstien
a) Picture theory of Meaning.
b) Use theory of Meaning.
c) Form of Life.
Second Term: Textual Studies
Unit 5) Martin Heidegger “The Question Concerning Technology”
Unit 6) Jean Paul Sartre "Existentialism as Humanism"
Unit 7) Joseph V. Sullivan “The Immorality of Euthanasia”
Unit 8) Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind (Chapter I)
Prescribed Readings:
1. Speilgelberg B : The Phenomenological Movement : Historical Introduction
Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 1971
2. Hammnd M Howrth J : Understanding Phenomenology Blackwell oxford
1992
3. Copleston F. Hisroty of Philosophy (Relevant Vols.)
4. Paul Edward s (Ed. ) Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Articles on C. S. Peirce,
Friedrich Nietzsche
5. Blackham Six Existentialist Thinkers
6. Heidegger, Martin, “The Question Concerning Technology”, from The
Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Harper Collins
Publishers, New York, 1997 (also available online); Also available in D. F.
Krell (Ed.), Basic Writings, Harper and Raw (New York), 1977 and Routledge
and Kegan Paul, (London), 1978
7. Jaen Paul Sartre Existentialism and Humanism Tr. and Introduction By
Philip M. Methanen and co. Ltd. 1948
8. Steven Luper and Curtis Brown (Eds.), The Moral life, Harcourt Brace
College Publishers, New York, Second edition
9. Ryle, Gilbert, The Concept of Mind, Penguin Books, London, 1968
10. Paramarsh (Special Issue): Phenomenology
11. Paramarsh (Special issues): Wittgenstein
12. Ravindra Manohar Astitvavaad, Continental Prakashan, Pune
Books for Reference
1. O' Conner D,J. A Critical History of Western Philosophy Collier MacMillan
Publishers London 1964
2. Kearney R. and Rainwater Mara : The Continental Philosophy Reader,
Routledge, London 1996.(Relevant sections only)
3. Bhadra M.K., A Critical Survey of Phenomenology and Existentialism, ICPR
in association with Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1990.
T.Y.B.A. ( LOGIC )
G 3:Methodology of Science
[Objectives 1) To acquaint the students with some important issues regarding
methodology of Science.
2) To introduce major methodological approaches in Natural Sciences and
Social Sciences
The weightage of each unit will be 12 lectures]
First Term: Methodology of Natural Sciences
Unit 1:
a) The difference between common sense and science, Classification of
sciences, Objectives of science.
b) The transition from the teleological approach (Aristotle) to mechanical
approach (Galileo, Newton)
c) The concepts of method, methodology and epistemology.
Unit 2:
a) Scientific induction, The problem of induction.
b) The notion of cause: Aristotle, Hume, Mill.
c) Scientific hypothesis, Conditions of acceptability of hypothesis.
Unit 3:
a) The difference between a scientific and non-scientific explanation.
b) Models of explanation, D-N model, Genetic model, Functional model,
Probabilistic model
c) The nature of scientific law
Unit 4:
Scientific theory: Approaches to scientific theories
a) Logical positivism
b) Realism
c) Instrumentalism
Second Term: Methodology of Social sciences
Unit 5:
a) The subject matter of social sciences, the concept of social action,
Similarities and differences between the subject matter of natural and social sciences.
b) Methodological Individualism and Holism.
Unit 6:
a)Positivism : Auguste Compte, Durkheim
b)Logical positivism: Unity of method
Unit 7:
a)Types of explanation: Motivational, Historical, Functional, Causal
b)Characteristics of laws in social sciences
Unit 8:
Critique of positivism with respect to
a)Explanation/Understanding
b)Objectivity/Value neutrality
Books for Reading (Relevant sections from)
1. Nagel E. The Structure of Science Problems in the Logic of Scientific
Explanation MacMillan 1961
2. Hempel C.G. Philosophy of Natural Science Prentice Hall Englewood Cliff
New Jercy 1966
3. Keat Russell Urry, Social Theory as Science RKP London 1975
4. Ryan Alan Philosophy of Social Science MacMillan 1970
5. Lessnoff M.H. The Structure of Social Science: A Philosophical
Introduction George Allan Unwin Ltd. London 1974
6. R.Rudner Philosophy of Social Sciences Prentice Hall Englewood Cliff New Jercy
1966
Book for Reference
1. Hempel, C.G., Aspects of Scientific Explanation, Free Press, New York, 1968.
2. Benton, Ted. Philosophy of Social Science: Philosophical foundation of social
thought. Craib Ian, Palgrave, Newyork.
3.Tucker, John. Philosophy of Social Sciences.
4.Deshpande, S. S., Gokhale, P. P., More, S. S.(Eds.) Vijnanace Tattvajnana,
Granthali, Mumbai, 2006
(Objective: In the first part of the course the student will be introduced to major
concepts and theories in Western and Indian Aesthetics. In one unit of the second part
the student will be introduced to two major approaches to understanding society viz.
Individualism and socialism. In the last three units, the student will be introduced to
some major issues concerning religion and its role in the contemporary society.
The weightage of each unit will be 12 lectures.)
Part I: Aesthetics
Unit1: Introducing Aesthetics
1-1 Aesthetics as a branch of Philosophy- Discussions of aesthetics as a philosophy of
art and beauty
1-2 Distinction between the judgement of the agreeable, the good and the beautiful
(Kant)
1-3 Aesthetic attitude (Bullough, Dickie); Nature and characteristics of an aesthetic
experience (Kant)
1-4 Concepts of the Beautiful and Sublime
Unit2: Introducing the concept of Art
2-1 Distinction between craft and art- Nature of art and classifications of art
2-2 Work of art: Concepts of Medium, Form and Content
2-3 Distinction between an art object and aesthetic object
Unit3: Introducing some theories of art
3-1 Art as imitation: Plato- Aristotle
3-2 Art as expression: Croce- Collingwood
3-3 Art as communication: Tolstoy
Unit4: Introducing Indian Aesthetics
4-1 Bharat’s Rasa-siddhanta
4-2 Notion of bhava and classification of bhavas
4-3 Concepts of Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi and Siddhi
4-4Vamana’s concept of Riti
Part II: Social Philosophy
Unit5: Individual and society
5-1 The concept of society: Mechanistic and Organic model
5-2 Liberalism (Mill)
5-3 Marxism
Units 6: Nature of Religion:
6-1Definitions and kinds of Religion,
6-2 Religion and Science
6-3 Religion and Morality
Unit7: Arguments for and against the Existence of God
7-1 Introduction to the Arguments for the existence of God: Ontological,
Cosmological, Teleological and Moral Argument
7-2 Nyaya argument for the existence of God
7-3 Problems of Suffering and Evil
Unit8: Contemporary issues Regarding Reigion
8-1 Fundamentalism
8-2 Terrorism
8-3 Secularism
Books for Reading (Relevant sections from-)
1. Oswld Hansfling Philosophical Aesthetics
2. Carriet E.F. The Theory of Beauty
3. R.C. Soloman Introducing Philosophy ( A text with integrated reading )
Part one : 2 Oxford University Press 2008
4. L.P. Pojman and James Fieser Introduction to Philosophy (Classical
Contemporary Reading 4th Ed. ) chap 3, 6 Oxford University Press 2008
5. Ghoshal S. N. Elements of Indian Aesthetics Chaukhamba Varanasi 1986
6. Heywood Andrews, Political Ideologies ,1992
7. Hick John Philosophy of Religion, Prentice Hall 1963
8. Rolston Holmes III Science and Religion: A Critical Survey Harcourt Brace
Custom Publishers 1997
9. Ra. Bha. Paatanakar : Saundaryamimamsa
10. Deshpande, Ga Tryam, Bhatratiya Sahityashastra
11. Bhaskar. L.. Bhole Rajkiya Vicharavanta
12. Joshi Ja. Vaa., Dharmaache Tattvajnana
13. Sham. Va. Dandekar Eeshwarvaad
Books forReference
1. Ghosh Manmohan (tr.) Bharatmuni , Natyashastra, Baroda Oriental Series
Baroda 1956
2. Champbell T. Seven Theories of Human Society Clarendon Press Oxford
1981
3. Osborn : Aesthetics
4. Virgil Aldrich: Philosophy of Art
5. Barlingay S. S. Saundaryche Vyakaran Abhinav Prakashan, Mumbai
6. Freud S. Future of an Illusion tr by W/D. Robson – Scott Hoquarth Press. Ltd
London 1949
7. J.S. Mill On Liberty
8. D.P.Chattopadhyaya Individuals and Societies : A Methodological Inquiry ,
Chap 1 Scientific Book Agency Calcutta 1967
9. Graling ed. Philosophy chap 5,6, Oxford University Press 1998
10. Saroj Deshapande, Bharatiya Saundaryashastrachi Olakh, Padmgandha
Prakasan, Pune
11. Paramarsha (Special issue) Eeshwarvad- Nirishwarvad
12. Sharad Gosavi Vyaktiswatantryachi Sankalpana , Pune
T. Y. B. A. (Philosophy)
S3: Thinkers and Textual Studies: Indian
[Objectives 1) To acquaint the students with some main thinkers of Post-classical
Indian Philosophy
2) To introduce some original writings contributed by some 20th century
Indian philosophers (No. of Lectures per unit: 12)]
Part I: Thinkers
Unit1: Jnaneshwer
1-1 Shiva-Shakti-Samaveshana
1-2 Ajnana-khandan
1-3 Chidvilasavad
Unit2: M. K. Gandhi
2-1 Truth and Non-violence
2-2 Sarvodaya
2-3 Anasaktiyoga
Unit3: Ambedkar
3-1 Concept of Religion and Dhamma
3-2 Critique of Brahmanism
3-3 Liberty Equality Fraternity
Unit4: J Krishnamurty
4-1 Truth as a pathless land
4-2 Freedom from the known
4-3 Views on education
Part II: Textual studies
Unit5: Prof. .J. N. Mohanty: “On Interpreting Indian Philosophy: Some Problems and
Concerns” from Essays on Indian Philosophy Traditional and Modern (Ed.)
Purushottam Bilimoria, Oxford University Press,1993
Unit6: Rajendra Prasad: “The Concept of Moksa” from Karma Causation and
Retributive Morality
Unit7: Prof. S. S. Barlingay, “ Distinguishables and Separables”( first part) from
Beliefs Reasons and Reflections, I. P.Q. Publication
Unit8: Prof. Daya Krishna, “Three Myths in Indian Philosophy” from
Indian Philosophy: a Counter-Perspective, Oxford University Press
Books for Reading:
1. B. P. Bahirat, Philosophy of Jnanadeva
2. N. K. Bose, Selections from Gandhi
3. M. K. Gandhi, Anasaktiyoga
3. Ambedkar B. R., The Buddha and His Dhamma (Relevant Sections)
4. Ambedkar B. R., Anihilation of Caste
5. J. Krishnamurti, The Penguin Krishnamurti Reader (Compiled by Mary Lutyens)
6. J. Krishnamurti, Freedom from the Known, (Edited by Mary Lutyens)
Books for Reference
1. P.P.Gokhale Jnandevanche Anubhamrutateel Tatvajnan
2. B.G.Bapat Krishnamurti
3. G.N.Joshi Krishnamurtinchi Jeevandrishti M.T.P PUNE
4. Paramarsh Vol 20 Issue 3-4 Prof. Surendra Barlingay Yanche Vicharvishwa
5. Ambedkar B.R. The Buddha and his Dhamma , Siddharth Prakashan, Bombay
6. Ahir D.C. Dr. Ambedkar B.R. and Buddhism Siddharth Prakashan, Bombay
1993
7. Graling ed. Philosophy chap 11,12, Oxford University Press 1998
T.Y.B.A. (Philosophy)
S4: Thinkers and Textual Studies (Western)
[Objectives: 1) To acquaint the students with the main trends of Post- Hegelian
Philosophy 2) To introduce some original Texts belonging to some Post-Hegelian
trends trends. (No. of Lectures per unit: 12) ]
First Term: Thinkers
Unit 1 Edmund Husserl
a)Philosophy as a rigorous science.
b) Phenomenological Method :Epoche
c) Intentionality
Unit 2 Friedrich Nietzsche
a) Will to Power.
b) Concept of Truth
c) Views regarding Morality.
Unit 3 C.S.Peirce
a) Pragmatism
b) Theory of Meaning.
c) Method of Inquiry.
Unit 4 Wittgenstien
a) Picture theory of Meaning.
b) Use theory of Meaning.
c) Form of Life.
Second Term: Textual Studies
Unit 5) Martin Heidegger “The Question Concerning Technology”
Unit 6) Jean Paul Sartre "Existentialism as Humanism"
Unit 7) Joseph V. Sullivan “The Immorality of Euthanasia”
Unit 8) Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind (Chapter I)
Prescribed Readings:
1. Speilgelberg B : The Phenomenological Movement : Historical Introduction
Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 1971
2. Hammnd M Howrth J : Understanding Phenomenology Blackwell oxford
1992
3. Copleston F. Hisroty of Philosophy (Relevant Vols.)
4. Paul Edward s (Ed. ) Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Articles on C. S. Peirce,
Friedrich Nietzsche
5. Blackham Six Existentialist Thinkers
6. Heidegger, Martin, “The Question Concerning Technology”, from The
Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Harper Collins
Publishers, New York, 1997 (also available online); Also available in D. F.
Krell (Ed.), Basic Writings, Harper and Raw (New York), 1977 and Routledge
and Kegan Paul, (London), 1978
7. Jaen Paul Sartre Existentialism and Humanism Tr. and Introduction By
Philip M. Methanen and co. Ltd. 1948
8. Steven Luper and Curtis Brown (Eds.), The Moral life, Harcourt Brace
College Publishers, New York, Second edition
9. Ryle, Gilbert, The Concept of Mind, Penguin Books, London, 1968
10. Paramarsh (Special Issue): Phenomenology
11. Paramarsh (Special issues): Wittgenstein
12. Ravindra Manohar Astitvavaad, Continental Prakashan, Pune
Books for Reference
1. O' Conner D,J. A Critical History of Western Philosophy Collier MacMillan
Publishers London 1964
2. Kearney R. and Rainwater Mara : The Continental Philosophy Reader,
Routledge, London 1996.(Relevant sections only)
3. Bhadra M.K., A Critical Survey of Phenomenology and Existentialism, ICPR
in association with Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1990.
T.Y.B.A. ( LOGIC )
G 3:Methodology of Science
[Objectives 1) To acquaint the students with some important issues regarding
methodology of Science.
2) To introduce major methodological approaches in Natural Sciences and
Social Sciences
The weightage of each unit will be 12 lectures]
First Term: Methodology of Natural Sciences
Unit 1:
a) The difference between common sense and science, Classification of
sciences, Objectives of science.
b) The transition from the teleological approach (Aristotle) to mechanical
approach (Galileo, Newton)
c) The concepts of method, methodology and epistemology.
Unit 2:
a) Scientific induction, The problem of induction.
b) The notion of cause: Aristotle, Hume, Mill.
c) Scientific hypothesis, Conditions of acceptability of hypothesis.
Unit 3:
a) The difference between a scientific and non-scientific explanation.
b) Models of explanation, D-N model, Genetic model, Functional model,
Probabilistic model
c) The nature of scientific law
Unit 4:
Scientific theory: Approaches to scientific theories
a) Logical positivism
b) Realism
c) Instrumentalism
Second Term: Methodology of Social sciences
Unit 5:
a) The subject matter of social sciences, the concept of social action,
Similarities and differences between the subject matter of natural and social sciences.
b) Methodological Individualism and Holism.
Unit 6:
a)Positivism : Auguste Compte, Durkheim
b)Logical positivism: Unity of method
Unit 7:
a)Types of explanation: Motivational, Historical, Functional, Causal
b)Characteristics of laws in social sciences
Unit 8:
Critique of positivism with respect to
a)Explanation/Understanding
b)Objectivity/Value neutrality
Books for Reading (Relevant sections from)
1. Nagel E. The Structure of Science Problems in the Logic of Scientific
Explanation MacMillan 1961
2. Hempel C.G. Philosophy of Natural Science Prentice Hall Englewood Cliff
New Jercy 1966
3. Keat Russell Urry, Social Theory as Science RKP London 1975
4. Ryan Alan Philosophy of Social Science MacMillan 1970
5. Lessnoff M.H. The Structure of Social Science: A Philosophical
Introduction George Allan Unwin Ltd. London 1974
6. R.Rudner Philosophy of Social Sciences Prentice Hall Englewood Cliff New Jercy
1966
Book for Reference
1. Hempel, C.G., Aspects of Scientific Explanation, Free Press, New York, 1968.
2. Benton, Ted. Philosophy of Social Science: Philosophical foundation of social
thought. Craib Ian, Palgrave, Newyork.
3.Tucker, John. Philosophy of Social Sciences.
4.Deshpande, S. S., Gokhale, P. P., More, S. S.(Eds.) Vijnanace Tattvajnana,
Granthali, Mumbai, 2006
