102. BIOMOLECULES & BIOTECHNIQUES
UNIT I
1. Chemical foundations of Biology- pH, pK, acids, bases, buffers, weak bonds &
Covalent bonds, Principles of thermodynamics
2. Carbohydrates: classification, structure, functions; homo and hetero polysaccharides,
animal, plant and microbe specific polysaccharides
3. Lipids: Classification, structure, functions; Lipids with specific biological functions,
Lipoproteins and biological membrane, micelles and liposomes
4. Proteins: Classification, Primary, Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.,
Separation, purification and criteria of homogeneity, End group analysis
UNIT II
1. Nucleic acids: Structure, Properties of purines and pyrimidine bases, DNA : Structure,
conformation, prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA, Chromosomal and extra chromosomal
DNA
2. RNA: Structure, types and function of mRNA, tRNA, Ribozymes: structure and
functions.
3. Nucleic acid metabolism: biosynthesis and breakdown of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotides by de novo and salvage pathways
4. Vitamins and cofactors: Structure, distribution, interaction and biological properties
UNIT III
1. Outlines of Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein metabolisms & their integration.
2. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation: Electron carriers complexes I - IV
3. Analytical techniques for biomolecule separation: Paper, TLC, Gel filtration, Ion
exchange and affinity chromatography
4. HPLC & Gas- liquid chromatography
UNIT IV
1. Centrifugation: Principle, techniques, preparative, analytical and ultracentrifuges,
applications of centrifugation.
2. Photometry: Basic principles and applications of colorimetry, UV-visible
spectrophotometry and IR-Spectrophotometry
3. Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Instrumentation, Principle and applications
4. Electrophoresis: PAGE-types, 2D-E, Isotachophoresis, Isoelectric focusing
UNIT V
1. Microtomy: types, principle and applications.
2. Microscopy: Light, Phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopies
3. Radioactivity: GM Counter, Liquid Scintillation counter, Solid Scintillation counters
4. Auto radiography: Principle and applications
Practical Exercises
1. Verification of Beer’s law
2. Determination of absorption maxima
3. Electrophoresis of proteins-native and under denaturing conditions
4. Amino acid and carbohydrate separations by paper & thin layer chromatography
5. Gas Chromatography
6. Ion Exchange and gel filtration chromatography
7. Separation of sub cellular organelles by differential centrifugation
8. Separation of blood cells by density gradient centrifugation
9. Titration of amino acids
10. Colorimetric determination of pK
11. Reactions of amino acids, sugars and lipids
12. Quantitation of proteins and sugars by different methods
13. Analysis of oils-iodine number, saponification value, acid number.
Reference Books
1. Principle of Biochemistry by Nelson, Cox and Lehninger
2. Biochemistry by G.Zubay
3. Biochemistry by Stryer
4. Biochemistry by Garrett and Grisham
5. Biochemical Calculations, Irwin H.Segel,Jhon Wiley and sons Inc
6. Biochemistry, D Voet and JG Voet, J Wiley and Sons.
7. Biochemistry, D Freifilder, W.H.Freeman & Company
8. Laboratory techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Work and Work.
9. A Biologists guide to Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry, L Wilson &
KH Goodling, ELBS Edition, 1986
10. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by
Friefelder
11. Biochemical Techniques: Theory and Practice by Robot and White
12. Principles of Instrumental Analysis by Scoff and West
13. Analytical Biochemistry by Holme and Peck
14. Biological Spectroscopy by Campbell and Dwek
15. Organic Spectroscopy by Kemp
16. A Biologists guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry by Wilson
and Goulding
17. Principles of Instrumental Anal
