304 : NUTRITIONAL AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
UNIT I
1. Basic Concepts : Composition of human body, Energy contents of foods, Measurement of
energy expenditure, Direct and indirect calorimetry, Definition of BMR and SDA and factors
affecting these, Thermogenic affects of foods, Energy requirements of man and
woman and factors affecting energy requirements
2. Dietary requirements, sources of available and unavailable carbohydrates, physiological
action of unavailable carbohydrates, Protein reserves of human body, Essential amino acids
and concept of protein quality, Protein requirement at different stages of growth.
3. Nutritional and clinical significance of dietary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, iodine,
zinc and copper.
4. Vitamins : Dietary sources, biochemical functions, specific deficiency diseases associated
with fat and water soluble vitamins, Hypervitaminosis, Nutritional requirements during
pregnancy, lactation and of infants and children
UNIT II
1. Protein energy malnutrition : Etiology, clinical features, metabolic disorders and
management of Marasmus and Kwashiorkar diseases
2. Obesity : Definition and classification, Genetic and environmental factors leading to obesity,
Obesity related diseases and management of obesity, Role of leptin in regulation of body
mass
3. Clinical nutrition : Role of diet and nutrition in the prevention and treatment of diseases,
Dental caries, Fluorosis, renal failure, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and rheumatic
disorders
4. Food allergy : Definition, role of antigen, host and environment, Types of hypersensitivities,
diagnosis and management of allergy
UNIT III
1. Basic concept : Concept of accuracy, precision, normal and reference value determination,
collection, processing and preservation of specimen, analysis, laboratory management,
automation and quality control
2. Clinical significance of specific plasma/ CSF proteins, Clinical applications of serum protein
eletrophoresis, Hemoglobinopathies
3. Carbohydrate metabolism : Carbohydrate intolerance, Diabetes mellitus, types, etiology and
pathogenicity, Hypoglycemia, ketone bodies
4. Lipid metabolism :Diagnostic significance of analysis of serum lipids, chlolesteol and heart
disease, Lipoprotein metabolism and disorders
UNIT IV
1. Kidney ; Role of kidney in biochemical processes, Renal clearance, renal diseases and
kidney function tests
2. Liver : Role of liver in biochemical processes, Bilirubin metabolism, ammonia metabolism,
liver diseases and liver function test
3. Gastrointestinal tract : Disorders and diagnosis
4. Clinical enzymology Use of enzymes in diagnosis, Tissue distribution of enzymes,
Diagnostic significance of acid phosphates, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, cholinesterase,
creatine kinase, gamma glutamyl transfearse, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase
UNIT V
1. Hemoglobin, porphyrin and related compounds : Disorders and diagnosis
2. Thyroid : Disorders and diagnosis
3. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system : Functions, disorders and diagnosis
4. Adrenal and gonads ; Disorder and biochemical assessment
Practical Exercises:
1. Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins on agarose gel
2. Estimation of serum albumin and determination of albumin : globulin ration
3. Estimation of blood glucose by glucose-oxidase method
4. Estimation of serum triglycerides
5. Estimation of serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol
6. Estimation of serum bilirubin
7. Electrophoretic separation of sickle hemoglobin
8. Estimation of serum acid phosphatase
9. Estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase
10. Estimation of serum aspartate transaminase
11. Estimation of serum creatinine
Reference Books
1. Tietz Text book of Clinical Chemistry
2. Clinical Chemistry by DF Calbreath
3. Clinical Biochemistry by Varley
Note: All text books are of latest editions
305 : Lab Course V
Consists of practical exercises listed out under 301 & 302
306 : Lab Course VI
Consists of practical exercises listed out under 303 & 304
