103 : MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT I
1. Classification of Microorganisms: Basis of microbial classification, Haekel three kingdom ,
Whittaker’s five kingdom concept.
2. Morphology and fine structure of eubacteria and archeobacteria cell wall, cytoplasmic
membrane and other organelles.
3. Pure culture techniques and preservation methods.
4. Preparation of Culture media, microbial staining.
UNIT II
1. Sterilization: Physical and chemical methods
2. Microbial Growth: Bacterial growth curve, Mathematical expression,
measurement of Growth and factors affecting growth
3. Microbial Nutrition: Nutritional classification of Microorganisms, common nutritional
requirements, mode of nutrition, transport of nutrients across the bacterial membrane
4. Oxygen toxicity: Study of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, mechanism of
oxygen toxicity.
UNIT III
1. Virus: Types, Isolation, cultivation, identification and viral replication.
2. Structure and morphology of Bacteriophage, Lytic and lysogenic cycle.
3. Life cycle of DNA Viruses: SV 40, RNA Viruses: Retroviruses
4. Cynobacteria : General account and their importance
UNIT IV
1. Infection and disease, types of Infection, Mechanism of pathogenicity
2. Bacterial Diseases: Staphylococcal and Clostridial food poisoning, Salmonellosis Shigellosis
3. Fungal diseases: Histoplasmosis , Aspergillosis
4. Viral diseases: Chicken pox, Hepatitis B, and Poliomyelitis
UNIT V
1. Mycoplasmas and diseases caused by them
2. Bacterial Recombination : Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction,
Plasmids and transposons
3. Chemotherapeutic agents : Classification of antibiotics, Broad spectrum
antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes
1. Anti-fungal and antiviral antibiotics, mode of action of antibiotics and
resistance to antibiotics
Practical Exercises
1. Preparation of liquid and solid media for growth of microorganisms.
2. Isolation and maintenance of organisms by plating, streaking and serial dilution
methods. Slants and stab cultures. Storage of microorganisms.
3. Isolation of pure cultures from soil and water.
4. Growth; Growth curve ; Measurement of bacteria population by turbidometry
and serial dilution methods. Effect of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen
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sources on growth.
5. Microscopic examination of bacteria, Yeast and molds and study of organisms by
Gram stain, Acid fast stain and staining for spores.
6. Study of mutations by Ames test.
7. Assay of antibiotics and demonstration of antibiotic resistance.
8. Analysis of water for portability and determination of MPN.
9. Bacterial transformation.
10. Biochemical characterization of selected microbes.
11. One step growth curve of coliphage.
Reference Books
1. General Microbiology, R.Y. Ingraham, J.L. Wheelis, M.L. and Painter,
P.R. The MacMillan Press Ltd.
2. Brock Biology of Microorganism, M.T. Martinko, J.M. and Parker,
J. Prentice-Hall.
3. Microbiology, Pelzar, M.J., Chan , E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R., Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Microbial Genetics, Maloy , S.R., Cronan, J.E.Jr and Freifelder, D. Jones, Bartlett Publishers.
5. Microbiology- a Laboratory Manual,cappuccino, J.G. and Sherman, N. Addison Weseley.
6. Microbiological Applications,(A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology)Benson, H.J. WCB:
Wm C. Brown Publishers
Note: All text books are of latest editions
