BOT 204: PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM
UNIT I
Carbohydrates: classification, occurrence and structure of monosaccharide, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (starch, cellulose and pectin).
Proteins: Amino acid, structure and characteristics, peptides and protein structure, function of proteins Conjugate proteins, Account of Lactins their function.
UNIT II
Lipids: classification, occurrence, structure and importance of acryllipids and phosphates.
Concept of free energy and entropy, high energy compound, Gibb’s free energy concept in biochemical reaction.
Synthesis of ATP through oxidative electron transfer chain, chemiosmotic regeneration of ATP.
UNIT III
Gluconeogenesis vs glycolysis
Biosynthesis of fatty acids.
Degradation of fatty acids.
Lipid as high energy molecules.
Role of Kreb’s Cycle.
UNIT IV
Nitrogen fixation by free living and symbiotic organisms, mechanism of nitrogen fixation, soil nitrogen sources, nitrogen uptake by plants and assimilation.
UNIT V
Nitrate reductase system, substrate controlled induction, interrelation between photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism.
Brief account of amino acid synthesis by reductive amination, GS-GOGAT system, transmission.
Basic structure of important phenolics and alkaloids: a general view of their synthesis.
PRACTICALS : 203 & 204
1. Determination of water potential in different tissues.
2. Estimation of the Hill reaction activity.
3. Estimation of total nitrogen by kjaldahl method.
4. Principles of colorimetry, spectrophotometry and fluorimetry.
5. Determination of chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll (Arnon’s method).
6. Determination of chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-b, ratio in C3 and C4 plants.
7. Estimation of titrable and total acidity.
8. Estimation of protein by Biuret and Lowry’s method.
9. Estimation of seed germination as affected by red and Infrared radiation.
10.Determination of gibberellic acid by half seed (cereal) method. Demostration of effects of auxin on abscission, cytokinin on senescence and abscissic acid on stomatal regulation.
11. Determination of carotenoids.
12. Radioisotope methodology, auto-radiography, rule pulse and double labeling, isotope dilution method. Instrumentation and principles of counters.
13. Extraction and estimation of starch.
14. Determination of reducing sugars in fruits.
15. Identification of different kinds of sugars (spot tests).
16. Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin.
17. Identification of proline, sulphur-containing amino acids with aromatic ring (spot test).
18. Separation and identification of sugars by paper chromatography.
19. Determination of Isoeleetric point of proteins.
20. Separation of soluble protein by gel electrophoresis.
21. Extraction of amylase and determination of its activity.
22. Determination of Km and Vmax of Amylase or phosphorylase
